T E M 



in the fouth-eaft part of the mountains, and run<! into the 

 Danube, oppofite Belgrade. 



TEMESA, in Mcient Geography, a town of Italy, in 

 Brutium, called Tempfa or Tcmla in the time oi Strabo. 



TEMESCAMANG, in Geography, the principal of 

 thofc lakes in Lower Canada formed by the Utavvas and its 

 contributory ftrcams, which lake has always been a trading 

 port, and which may be faid to continue, by a fucceflion of 

 rivers and lakes, upwards of 50 leagues from the Forks, 

 pafling near the waters of the lake Abbitiby, in N. lat. 

 48° 30', which is received by the Moofe river, that dif- 

 charges itfelf into James bay. Mackenzie's Travels. 



TEMESCHU, a town of New Mexico, in the province 

 of Mayo ; 160 miles E.N.E. of Santa Cruz. 



TEMESVAR, or Temeswar, a town of Hungary. 

 Tliis is an important fortrefs, fituated on the river Beg, 

 which forms a morafs round it, and is ftrongly fortified. 

 It is the capital of a bannat, the refidence of a governor, 

 and the fee of a Greek bifhop. It was taken by prince 

 Eugene in 17 16; and by the peace of Paffarowitz was, 

 with the whole bannat, confirmed to the houfe of Auftria ; 

 fmce which time it has been almofl wholly rebuilt. It is 

 large and populous ; the ftreets broad and well paved. 

 The fortrefs is a caftle with walls nine feet thick, and re- 

 quires a garrifon of ii).,ooo men. It contains about 443 

 fquare German miles, with a population of about 450,000 

 inhabitants; 52 miles E.N.E. of Belgrade. N. lat. 45° 49'. 

 E. long. 21°. 



TEMIN, in Commerce, a money of account in Algiers, 

 equivalent to 2 carubes, or 29 afpers. See Coin. 



TEMISCHBERG, in Geography, a fortrefs of Ruffia, 

 in the government of Caucafus ; 60 miles W. of Stavropol. 



TEMISSAH, or Temmissa, a large town of Africa, 

 in the province of Fezzan, diftant from Mourzouk, its 

 capital, in an E.N.E. direftion, about 120 miles. Here 

 the caravan of pilgrims from Bornou and Nigritia, which 

 takes its departure from Mourzouk about the end of Oc- 

 tober, or beginning of November, and travels by the way 

 of Cairo to Mecca, ai-rives in the evening of the feventh day, 

 and ufually provides the (lores of com and dates, and dried 

 meat, that are requifite for its dreary paflage. 



TEMISVAR. See Baba. 



TEMITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Chru- 

 dim ; 18 miles N.W. of Chrudim. 



TEMLOWKA, a town of Algiers, anciently called 

 " Signs ;" 24 miles S.E. of Conftantina. 



TEMMA, a town of Africa, on the Gold Coaft. N. 

 lat. 5° 45'. W. long. 0° 55'. 



TEMMELISSUS, in Jncient Geography, a town of 

 Afia, in Syria, on the route from Celecoma to Larifla, be- 

 tween Chalcida and Apaniea. Anton. Itin. 



TEMMES, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the 

 government of Ulea ; 20 mdes S. of Ulea. 



TEMNIKOV, a town of Ruffia, in the government of 

 Tambov ; 1 16 miles N.N.E. of Tambov. N. lat. 54° 28'. 

 E. long. 43° 14'. 



TEMNOS, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia Minor, 

 in Ionia, at the mouth and north of the river Hemius. It 

 did not fubfift in the time of Pliny. 



TEMOEL, in Geography, a town on the weft coaft of 

 the ifland of Celebes. S. lat. o' 5'. E. long. 119° 35'. 



TEMORIS, a town of New Mexico, in the province 

 of Culiacan ; 70 miles N.N.E. of Culiacan. 



TEMOSOSHI, a town of New Mexico, in the pro- 

 vince of Hiaqui ; 1 30 miles E. of Riochico. 



TEMPATLAHOAC, in Ornithology, the name of a 

 broad-billed bird of the Weft Indies, defcribed by Nierem- 



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berg ; and by him efteemed a fpecies of duck. It is a va- 

 riety of the anas clypeata. See Duck. 



It is of the fize of the common duck ; is common on the 

 lakes, of Mexico, and is a good eatable bird. Ray. 



TEMPE', in Ancient Geography, a celebrated valley of 

 Theflaly, between the nwuntains OHa and Olympus. 

 jSilian, Pliny, and Strabo reprefent it as 40 ftadia in length, 

 along tiie middle of which lay the courfe of the river Peneus, 

 which feparated Theffaly from Macedonia. Tempe, ac- 

 cording to Livy, was the name given to the wood or foreft, 

 which, though not dangerous, was difficult for an ai-my to 

 pafs, becaufe of two defiles five miles in length ; and the 

 river Peneus made a terrifying noife in pafling through this 

 deep valley. Tempe, it is faid, is derived from the Greek 

 TEjuTj; ; in the plural, fignifying wood. Tempe, at its en- 

 trance, has a large village, which has been lone famous for 

 the accompli (hments of its inhabitants, and for the great 

 trade they carry on with Vienna and the interior of Europe. 



Tempe, in Commerce. See Stampe. 



TEMPELBURG, ia Geography, a town of Hinder 

 Pomerania ; 19 miles W. of New Stettin. N. lat. 53° 29'. 

 E. long. 16° 12'. 



TEMPER, in a Phyfual Scnfe. See Max. 



Temper of a Horfe, the difpofition of the animal, which 

 ftiould be carefully attended to while he is young, as well as 

 in the purchafe. 



T^yiP-ERjin a. MuJicalSen/e. SeeTEMPERAMENT,in Mujic. 



Temper, in a Mechanical Senfe. See Tempering. 



TEMPERAMENT, TeMPERAMENTUM, Temperature, 

 in Phyfiology. See Man. 



Temperament, Temperamento, in Mufic, generally de- 

 notes a reftifying or amending of the falfe or imperfeft con- 

 cords, by transferring to them part of the beauty of the 

 perfedl ones. 



The degrees of the oftave, which may be called its elements, 

 as being the fmalleft intervals into which'jt is refolvable,are two 

 greater femitones, two lefs tones, and three greater tones. 



Now the different fituation of thefe elements, with refpeft 

 to each other, occaiions that intervals or concords of the 

 fame name, as thirds, fourths, &c. do not confift of the 

 fame degrees or elements, though there be always the fame 

 number of them : but one fourth, for inftance, is agreeable 

 and perfeft, and another not. 



To mend thefe imperfeft concords, the muficians have 

 bethought themfelves to temper, i. e. give them part of the 

 agreeablenefs of perfeft ones. In order to this, they take 

 a medium between the two, and this they call a temperantent ; 

 which neceflarily produces a new divifion of the oilave, or, 

 which amounts to the fame, new elements. 



For inftance, whereas naturally its elements are the greater 

 femitone, and the greater and lefs tone ; they take a middle 

 tone formed of the greater and the lefs : and the only ele- 

 ments now are the greater femitone, and this mean tone, 

 which renders the five intervals that are tones equal, and 

 thofe that are femitones lefs unequal to thefe. 



One might alfo divide each of the five tones of the ofilave 

 into femitones, which, joined to the two it naturally has, 

 would make twelve : in which cafe, the whole odlave would 

 be divided into twelve equal parts, which would be mean 

 femitones. 



It is eafy to form various other kinds of temperaments : 

 all the difficulty is to find fuch as are free from two great 

 inconveniencies, i. e. which do not alter either all the con- 

 cords too much, or, at leaft, fome of them. 



All fuch divifions of the ottave are called temperci or ttm- 

 perativ: Jyjlem, 



The temperament does, indeed, according to the definition 

 above given, and confidcred in one view, correft fome falfe 



concords, 



