TEMPLE. 



front, or forc-fidc. As that of Ceres at Elcufis, in 

 Greece. 



Temple, Amphybrojlyle, or double projlyle, that which had 

 columns both before and behind, and which was alfo 

 tetraftyle. 



Temple, Periptere, that which liad four rows of infulated 

 columns around, and was exhaftyle, /'. e. had fix columns in 

 front; as the temple of Honour at Rome. See Pekii'TERE. 



Temi'LE, Diptere, that which had two wings, and two 

 rows of columns around, and was alfo oftollyle, or had 

 eight columns in front ; as that of Diana at Ephefus. 



Temple, Pfcudo-dlpterc. See 'PsEVDO-dlpicrc. 



Temple, Hypathros. See Hyp/T.thros. 



Temple, Monoptere. Sec Monoptere. 



Temples, among us, denote two inns of court, thus 

 called, bccaufe anciently the dvvelling-houfe of the knights 

 Templars. 



At the fuppreffion of that order they were purchafed by 

 fome profeflbrs of the common law, and converted into hof- 

 pitia, or inns of courts. 



They are called the Inner and MlJdk Temple, in relation 

 to EfTex-houfe, which was alfo a part of the houfe of the 

 Templars, and called the Outer Temple, becaufe fituate with- 

 out Temple-Bar. 



In the Middle Temple, during the time of the Templars, 

 the king's treafure was kept : as was alfo that of the kings 

 of France in the houfe^of the Templars at Paris. 



The chief officer was the mafter of the Temple, who was 

 fummoned to parliament in 49 Hen. III. And from him 

 the chief minifter of the Temple church is ftill called 

 M after of the Temple. 



Temple, Sir William, in Biography, a (latefman and 

 mifcellaneous writer, was the fon of fir John Temple, 

 mafter of the rolls in Ireland in the reign of Charles I. and 

 II., and author of a Hiftory of the Irifh Rebellion, and 

 born in London in the year 1628. Having finiHied liis 

 courfe of claffical education, he was entered, at the age of 

 feventeen, at Emanuel college, in the univerfity of Cam- 

 bridge, under the tuition of the learned Cudworth. Being 

 defigned for pubhc hfe, his principal attention at the univer- 

 fity was engaged by the fludy of the modern languages, 

 French and Spanifh ; and at the age of twenty, he was lent 

 to finifh his education by travelling on the continent. 

 After fpending fix years in this way, he returned home 

 in 1654, and married the daughter of fir Peter Ofborn, of 

 Chickfand, Bedfordfllire, with whom he became acquainted 

 during his foreign travels. Declining to accept any office 

 under Cromwell, he refidcd with his father in Ireland, and 

 devoted his time to the ftudy of hiftory and philofophy. 

 At the Reftoration he became a member of the Irifh Con- 

 vention ; and in the Iri(h parhament of the year 166 1, he 

 was returned as a reprefentative of the county of Carlow, 

 and in 1662 was nominated one of the commiffioners from 

 that parliament to the king. At this time he removed with 

 his family to England ; and having faithfully executed a 

 fecret commiffion to the bifhop of Munfter, with which he 

 was entrufted in 1665, he was appointed in the following 

 year refident at the court of Brulfels, and raifed by patent 

 to the rank of a baronet. During the reign of Charles II. 

 he was concerned in a variety of negociations. After the 

 peace of Breda, (July 10, 1667,) fir William went over to 

 Holland, and formed an intimate acquaintance and friendfhip 

 with De Wit, a man frank and open, and of the fame ge- 

 nerous and enlarged fentiments with himfelf ; and in confe- 

 quence of the negociations of thefe two able ftatefmen', a 

 defenfive alliance was concluded between Holland and Eng- 

 land. Sweden acceded to the confederacy : and thus was 



formed the triple league, which was generally regarded wilii 

 equal furprife and approbation. In the conduft of this bufi. 

 ncfs. Temple acquired great lionour ; but to all the compli. 

 ments that were paid to him on the occafion, he modeftly 

 replied, tliut to remove things from their centre, or proper 

 clement, required force and labour ; but that of themfelves 

 they cafily returned to it. The French monarch and the 

 court of Spain were equally difpleafed ; but in the treaty at 

 Aix-la-Cha])elle, where Temple appeared as amballador 

 extraordinary and mediator, on behalf of England, his ad- 

 drefs prev.^iled ; the Spanifli minifter comphed with the con- 

 ditions propofed ; and the peace between the contending 

 powers was figned in May, 1668. In confequence of this 

 event, fir William was nominated ambaftador to the States- 

 General, and taking up his refidence at the Hague in the 

 month of Auguft of this yeai-, he maintained his intimacy 

 with De Wit, and was alfo on familiar terms with Wilham, 

 prince of Orange, who had then attained the age of eighteen 

 years. But this triple alliance was of fhort duration. The 

 corruption and intrigues of the Englifli court produced a 

 recall of Temple in the year 1669, and when it was propofed 

 to him to return and make way for a breacii with Hol- 

 land, he declined, much to his honour, engaging iu hoftility 

 againft a country to which he was attaclied, and retired from 

 public bnfinefs to hht feat at Sheen, near Richmond. Here 

 he employed himfelf in the improvement of his manfion, and 

 in the cultivation of his garden ; and alfo in writing hi« 

 " Obfervations on the United Provinces," and a part of his 

 " Mifcellanea." When the war with the Dutch became 

 unpopular through the nation, and the court and its minifters 

 were under a neceffity of bringing it to a tei-mination, fir 

 William Temple was c;Jled out of his retirement to nego- 

 ciate with the Spanifli minifter in London : and when tlie 

 feparate peace with Holland was concluded, he was re- 

 quefted in the next yeai-, 1674, to undertake the office of 

 ambaffador to the States-General, for the purpofe of nego- 

 ciating a general peace. Before his acceptance of this office, 

 he obt;uned an audience of the king, with a view of ftating 

 to hie majefty the pernicious politics of the Cabal miniftry, 

 and tlie necelfity ot popular meafures for regaining the con- 

 fidence of the nation. The negotiations for peace were com- 

 menced at Nimeguen, whither he removed from the Hague 

 in 1676: and during their flow progrefs, he availed himfelf 

 of the opportunity thus afforded him for accom])lifliing the 

 popular meafure of the marriage of the prince of Orange to 

 the duke of York's eldeft daughter, which took place in 

 1677. On another occafion, when the French manifcfted 

 their intention of retaining the Spanifh towns, which were 

 to be furrendered by treaty, Temple was difpatched to the 

 Hague to concert effectual meafures with the States for 

 bringing the French to terms ; and in fix days lie concluded 

 a treaty, July 1678, by which England was bound to de- 

 clare war againft the French if the towns were not evacu- 

 ated within the interval of fixteen days ; but fo feeble and 

 fluftuating were the Enghfh councils, that before the ratifi- 

 cation of the projefted treaty, peace was figned at Nimeguen, 

 and France was fecured in the poffeffion of a great part of 

 its conquefts. 



In 1679 Temple was recalled from the Hague, in order 

 to be appointed one of the fecretaries of ilate ; but per- 

 ceiving the violence of parties, and the prevalence of difcon- 

 tent, he recommended a council of thirty perfons, which was 

 to be compofcd, together with the minifters of the crown, of 

 perfons pofTeffing influence and credit in both houfee of 

 parliament. But divifions occurred which prevented the 

 falutary cffefts of fuch a meafure. Projeds of limitation or 

 exclufion were the fubjeils of warm JifcuiBon in parliament. 



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