T E N 



raucli room, and on that account arc aJvautajfcous to the 

 enemy ; that ihf re -filtering angle is undefended ; the height 

 of the parapet hindering tlie feeing down into it, fo that the 

 enemy can lodge there under covert ; and the lides are not 

 fufficiently flaiiKed. 



For thefe reafons, tenailles are now excluded out of forti- 

 fications by the bell engineers, and never made, but where 

 there wants time to form a horn-work. 



Tenaille of the Pla.e, is the front of the place, com- 

 prehended between the points of two neighbouring baftions ; 

 including the curtain, the two flanks raifed on the curtain, 

 and the two fides of the baftions which face one another. 



So that the tenaille, in this fenfe, is the fame with what is 

 otherwife called \.\ieface of a fortrefs. 



Tknaiixe of the Ditch, is a low work raifed before the 

 curtain, in the middle of tlie fofs or ditch ; the parapet of 

 wliich is only two or three feet higlier than the level ground 

 of the ravelin. 



There are three different forts {PlateVll. FortiJi:ation, 

 Jig. 6. The firil are thofe which are made in the direftion 

 of the lines of defence, leaving a paffage of three toifes be- 

 tween their extremities and the flanks of the baflions, and 

 likewife another of two toifes in the middle for a bridge of 

 communication to the ravelin. The fecond {fg. 7.) are 

 thofe whofe faces are in the lines of defence, and fixteen 

 toifes long, befides the pafl'age of three toifes between them 

 and the flanks of the baftions : their flanks are found by 

 defcribing arcs from one fhoulder of the tenaille as a centre 

 through the other, on which are fet off ten toifes for the 

 required flanks. The third fort (fg. 8.) comprehends 

 thofe whofe faces are fixteen toifes, as in the fecond fort, 

 and the flanks parallel to thofe of the baftions. 



The ufe of tenailles, in general, is to defend the bottom 

 of the ditch by a grazing fire, and likewife the level ground 

 of the ravelin, and efpecially the ditch before the redoubt 

 within the ravelin, which cannot be fo conveniently defended 

 from any other place. The firft fort do not defend the 

 ditch fo well as the others, becaufe they are too oblique a 

 defence ; but as they are not fubjeft to be enfiladed, M. 

 Vauban has generally preferred them in the fortifying of 

 places. Thole of the fecond fort defend the ditch much 

 better than the firft, and add a low fl.mk to thofe of the 

 baftions ; but as thefe flanks are hable to be enfiladed, they 

 liave not been much ufed. This defeft, however, might be 

 remedied, by making them fo as to be covered by the ex- 

 tremities of the parapets of the oppofite ravelins, or by iorae 

 other work. Thofe of the third fort have the fame advan- 

 tage with the fecond, and are fubjeft to the fame incon- 

 veniences ; and, therefore, they may be ufed with the fame 

 precaution. 



Tenailles are efteemed fo necen"ary, that there is hardly 

 any place fortified without them, and it is not without rea- 

 fon ; for when the ditch is dry, the part behind the tenailles 

 ferves as a place of arms, from which the troops may fally, 

 deftroy the works of the enemy in the ditch, oppofe their 

 defcent, and retire with fafety 5 and the communication 

 from the body of the place to the ravelin becomes eafy and 

 fccure, which is a great advantage ; for by that means the 

 ravelin may make a much better defence, as it can be fup- 

 plied with troops and neceffaries at any time. And if the 

 ditch is wet, they ferve as harbours for boats, which may 

 cafry out armed men to oppofe the paffage over the ditch 

 whenever they pleafe ; and the communication from the 

 tenailles to the ravelin becomes likewife much eafier than it 

 would be without them. MuUcr's Elem. of Fort. p. 34. 



Sec FoRTIi'iCATION. 



. The ram's-horn is a curved tenaille, raifed in the fofs before 



TEN 



the flanks, and prefenting its convexity to the covered vrsy. 

 This work feems preferable to either of the otlier tenailles, 

 both on account of its fimplicity, and the defence for which 

 it 16 conftrufted. 



TENAILLONS, are works conftruded on each fide 

 of the ravelin, much hke the lunettes : they difler, as one of 

 the faces of a tenaillon is in the diredion of the ravelin, 

 whereas that of the lunette is perpendicular to it. 



Tenaillons are conftrufted by producing the faces of the 

 ravelin beyond the counterfcarp of the ditch, at a diftance 

 MN [Plate Y\\. Foillf cation, fig. <j.) of thirty toifes, and 

 taking on the counteifcarp of the great ditch fifteen toifes 

 from the re-entering angle p to q, and drawing N q ; then 

 q N M/i will be the tenaillon required ; its ditch is twelve 

 toifes, or the fame as that of the ravelin. Sometimes there 

 is made a retired battery, in the front of the tenaillons, as 

 at B : this battery is ten toifes from the front, to which it 

 is parallel, and fifteen toifes long. There are commonly 

 intrenchments made in the tenaillons, fuch as O ; their pa- 

 rapets are parallel to the fronts M N, or rather perpendi- 

 cular to the fide N q, and bifeft the fide y N ; the ditch 

 before this retrenchment is three toifes, and there is a ban- 

 quette before the parapet, next to the ditch, of about eight 

 feet, called term, ferving to prevent the earth of the parapet 

 (which feldom has any revetement) from falling into the 

 ditch. The ravelin, before which tenaillons are conftrufted, 

 muft have its faliant angle much greater than the former 

 conftruftion makes them ; otherwife the faliant angles of 

 the tenaillons become too acute ; for which reafon the capital 

 of this ravelin is made forty-five toifes, and the faces ter- 

 minate within three toifes of the fhoulders. Muller's Elem. 

 Fort. p. 37. 



A tenaillon is a work capable of affording great defence 

 to the befiegers ; as at the fiege of Lifle, in 1 708, where 

 the befiegers were twice or thiice drove out of a tenaillon 

 they had taken and retaken. 



TENALA, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the 

 province of Nyland ; 8 miles N.W. of Eknas. 



TENANCY, a habitation, or houfe to live in, or a tene- 

 ment or poffefiion held of another. 



Tenancy, Entire. See Entire. 



Tenancy in Tail. See TsE-Tail. 



TENANT, in jlgricuhure, a perfon holding land or 

 other property of another, either by grant, leafe, or other- 

 wife. Tenants are of different kinds, according to the na- 

 ture of the tenures by which they hold their lands ; but, in 

 this laft refpeft, they properly belong to the bufinefs of the 

 law. Tenants hold their lands or farms for very different 

 lengths of time, in different diftrifts, as from one year to 

 twenty -one ; but in many places they have no leafes at all. 

 The raoft common lengths of time are feven, nine, fourteen, 

 nineteen, and twenty-one. Short leafes are now becoming 

 general, as thofe of feven, nine, and eleven years. Tenants 

 now moftly pay all taxes, except that on property. 



The proper choice of tenants is a matter of the greateil 

 importance to the well-doing and continued profperity and 

 fuccefs of all forts of landed property, of almoll any that 

 can be adopted ; as where they are improperly provided, 

 there can hardly any thing go on in the manner which it 

 ought to do ; nor can there be the beft fort of management, 

 that the cafe will admit of, purfued. Many things will ne- 

 ceffarily run into complete negleft, and ruinous ftates of 

 them be produced as the confequence, which might have 

 been eafily and wholly avoided, by more attention in the firft 

 feleftion of the tenants. 



The writer of the Middlefex Agricultural Report, after 



inculcating the necelTity and utihty of tenants having good 



4 and 



