TEN 



himlVlf ill ufeil upon leaving it. For all ulMcr-diainii.g 

 properlv done* and for new buildings that were neceilary 

 for the Varm, tlie tenant ought to be allowed a reward pro- 

 portionate to the number of years lefs t!ian twenty he may 

 have had the uk of them. He fhould likewife receive an 

 allowance for quick fences, and tlic planting of orchards, or 

 of aquatics and other ufeful trees in proper places, on pro- 

 d-jcing fair bills, with receipts to them, of tlie expences ; 

 provided he leaves the cllatc without committing any wilful 

 wade. The landlord who enters into inch a covenant with 

 hi^ tenant, may reafonably espeft to have his farm delivered 

 back to him upon terms equally fair. If the tenant has 

 committed any wafte, he fhould be obliged to make good 

 all dima^es. Now fuch mutuiJ conditions would do away 

 many abfurd rcftriftions that are at prefent laid upon the 

 tenant ; as it would then be his intereil not to injure the 

 farm, hecaufe he mufl: pay for all damages wantonly done ; 

 and the landlord would have no reafon to check the farmer's 

 experiments and improvements, which would be a great en- 

 couragement to both ingenuity and induftry : for gentle- 

 ir!"n's agents are very apt, from too anxious care of the 

 eftates, to reftrift tenants in fuch a manner, that they are 

 little better than a mill-horfe, who can go over only a par- 

 ticular circle of ground. It has been known that an agree- 

 ment was made to lay a certain quantity of lime on land, 

 ■where, if the land had been the writer's, he would have 

 given more money than the lime cod, that it might not be 

 laid on. 



And fometimes, befides many other injurious modes of 

 culture, which the ignorance or whim of the Reward obliges 

 the farmer to follow, he is tied down to plough and fow 

 crops of corn only four years in fix, and no turnips or clover. 

 But the reftrifling a man from ploughing up grafs-land with- 

 out leave, is certainly, it is thought, proper, till the land- 

 lord fees what his new tenant makes of the land he does 

 plough ; but if he ie indullrious, and tills well, the writer 

 would fuffer him to plough every inch he chofe : as, on 

 good arable land, it will certainly make in future a difference 

 of from one pound to three pounds an acre in rent to the 

 landlord. The nature and fituation of the farm are, however, 

 to be well confidered before this is done. 



Alfo where the duration of the term is tv/enty-one years, 

 it would, it is fuppofed, be very proper that, three years 

 before the leale expires, he (hould be reftrifted in the rota- 

 lion of his crops, fo as to leave the farm in a proper ftate to 

 be profitable to the coming tenant. This would likewife 

 give time for the tenant to fix himfelf elfewhere, if the land- 

 lord and he do not agree again, as well as for the landlord 

 to make proper choice of a new tenant. 



It is very common for tenants to live in a very poor way, 

 and obtain little profit, from the want of introducing a pro- 

 per fyftem of hufbandry upon their farms, as it is only this 

 that can afford a fuU profit ; therefore, the befl methods of 

 management his circumllances will afford fliould always be 

 purfued. 



There is a great variety of regulations and rcftriftions 

 in regard to tenants, in refpeft to the times and manner of 

 entenng upon their farms, the extent and methods of break- 

 ing up and cropping the lands, the various improvements in 

 draining, manuring, Sec. the making of fences, the felling 

 of hay and ftraw, the difpofing of the live-ftock at the end 

 of leafes, the occupying of buildings by new tenants, the 

 felling of timber for repairs, and a vafl number of other 

 matter;,, many of which are owing to the pai'ticular fitua- 

 tion* and circumftances of the lands that are to be holden 

 by the tenants. 



Tekant, or Tenent, Teruns, in Lam, one that holds or 



T E N 



pofTcffes lande and tenement? of foine lord or landlord, by 

 any kind of right, either in fee, for life, yeai-i, or at will. 



The term tenant is ufcd with divers additions. Thus, 

 tenant in dower, is flic that poffefies lands by virtue of her 

 dower. 



Tenant per Statute-Merchant, he that holds lands forfeited 

 to him by virtue of a ftatute. See St ATVTE-Merchant. 



Tenant in Frani -Marriage, ir, he that holds lands or tene- 

 ments by virtue of a gift of them, made to him upon mar- 

 riage, between him and his wife. See YRAi^K-Marriage. 



Tenant by Courtcfy holds for his life, by reafon of a cliild 

 bagotten by him of his wife, being an inheritrix, and born 

 alive. See Courtesy. 



Tenant By Elegit holds by virtue of the writ called an elegit. 

 Tenant in Mortgage holds by means of a mortgage. 

 Tenant by Verge, in a;icient demefne, is he who is ad- 

 mitted by the rod in court to lands in ancient demefue. See 

 Verge. 



Tenant by Copy of Court-Roll, is one admitted tenaiil. of 

 any lands, &c. within a manor, which, time ovt of mind, 

 have been demifed according to the cuftom of the manor. 

 See Copyhold. 



Tenant Para-uail. See Paravail. 



Tenant by Charter is he that holdeth by feoffment in writ- 

 ing, or other deed. See Charter, and Freehold. 



Tenant in Capiti, or Chief, holdeth of the king in right of 

 his crown. See Capite. 



Tenant of the King is he that holdeth of the perfon of the 

 king. 



Tenants, Joint, thofe who have equal right in lands or 

 tenements, by virtue of one title. See Joint Tenants. 



Tenants in Common, thofe who have equal right, but 

 hold by divers titles. 



Tenant, Particular, he that holds only for his term. 

 Tenant, Sole, is he who has no other joined with him. 

 Tenant hy E.vecution, is he w'.io holds by virtue of an 

 execution upon any ftatute, recognizance, &c. 

 Tenants, Cujlomary. See Customary. 

 Tenant, Terre. See TEURE-Tenani. 

 Tenant, Fery. See Very. 



Anciently, there were alfo tenant by knigki-fervicc, tenant 

 ir. burgage, tenant in focage, tenant in frank-fee, tenant in vsl- 

 ler.age. And there are ftill tenant in fee-Jimpk, tenant in fee- 

 tail, tenant upon fuffer ance, &c. 



Tenant in Tail after Pojftbillty of IJfite extinff. See 

 Tail. 



Tenant to the Praecipe, in Latu, is he againft v.'hom the 

 writ of praecipe is to be brought in fuing out a recovery. 



Tenant, or Tcnan, in Heraldry, is ufed for fomething 

 that fuftains, or holds up, the fhield, or armoury ; and is 

 generally fynonimoiis with the worA fupporter. 



The difference which fome authors make between the 

 two is, that tenants are tingle, and fupportcrs double, one 

 placed on each fide of the fhield. But the proper dillinftion 

 feems to confift in this, that tenants are human figures, and 

 fupporters figures of beafts. 



There are various forms of tenants, as well as of fup- 

 porters, -oiz. angels, maids, religious, favages. Moors, &c. 

 The firft tenants, F. Meneftrier obferues, were trunks, 

 or branches of trees ; to which the efcutcheons were fattened 

 by ftraps and buckles. Afterwards the knights were repre- 

 fented as holding their own efcutcheons, which were either 

 hung to their neck, or elfe they leaned on them. 



The origin of tenants and fupporters is, by many, re- 

 ferred to the ancient tournaments, in which the cavahers 

 had their arms borne by fervants difguifed like favages, 

 Moors, fabulous deities, bears, lions, &c. See Sufpobter. 



TENA- 



