t E N 



ycirs, arc faid not to be rare amongft them. The air is di-y 

 and pure. The variations of the thermometer fcldom ex- 

 ceed 14°, from 68° to 82°, in the inhabited pait of the idand. 

 (See GuANCiiEs.) To the eallward of S.inta Cruz, lays 

 Mr. Andcrfon (Cook's Third Voyage, vol. i. p. 22. &c.) 

 the idand appears perfoftly barren. Ridges of hills run to- 

 wards the fea, between which ridges are deep vallies, termi- 

 nating at mountains or hills that run acrofs and are higher 

 than the former. Thoic that run towards the fea are marked 

 by impreflions oa their fides, which make thefe appear as 

 a fucceflion of conic hills, with their tops very uugged. 

 The higher ones that run acrofs are more uniform in their 

 appearance. The bafis of the hills is a heavy, compaft, 

 blueifh ftone, mixed with fome fhining particles ; and on the 

 furfice, large maflTes of red friable earth, or ftone, are fcat- 

 tered about. The little earth, that appeared here and there, 

 was a blackifii mould. There were likewife fome pieces of 

 flag, one of which, from its weight, and fmooth furface, 

 feemed almoil wholly metalline. The mouldering ftate of 

 thefe.hilkis, without doubt, owing to the perpetual aftion 

 of the fun, which calcines their furface.. " After walking 

 about three miles," fays Mr. Anderfon, " I found no alte- 

 ration in the appearance of the lower hills, which produce 

 great quantities of the euphorbia Canarienfis. I met with 

 nothing elfe growing there, but two or tliree fmall (hrubs, 

 and a few fig-trees near the bottom of the valley. Moft of 

 the laborious work in this ifland is performed by mules, 

 horfes being to appearance fcarce, and chiefly referved for 

 the ufe of the officers : they are of a fmall fize, but well 

 fhaped and fpirited. Oxen are alfo employed to drag their 

 calks along, upon a large clumfy piece of wood. In my 

 walks and cxcurfions I faw fome hawks, parrots, which are 

 natives of the ifland, the fea-fwaUow or tern, fea-gulls, par- 

 tridges, wagtails, fwallows, martins, blackbirds, and Ca- 

 nary birds in large flocks. There are alfo lizards of the 

 common, and another fort ; fome infe&s, as locufts ; and 

 three or four forts of dragon-flies." Mr. Anderfon was in- 

 formed that a ftirub is common here, agreeing exaftly with 

 the defcription given by Tournefort and Linnaeus of the 

 tea flirub, as growing in China and Japan. Another bota- 

 nical curiofity, mentioned by him, is what they call the im- 

 pregnated l;'mon. It is a perfeft and diftinft lemon, in- 

 cloled within another, differing from the outer one only in 

 being a little more globular. The leaves of the tree that 

 produces this fort, are much longer than thofe of the com- 

 mon one ; and it was reprefented to him as being crooked, 

 and not equal in beauty. Mr. Anderfon learnt alfo, that a 

 certain fort of grape growing here is reckoned an excellent 

 remedy in phthifical complaints ; and the air and climate in 

 general are remarkably healthful, and particularly adapted 

 to give relief in fuch difeafes. This he endeavoured to ac- 

 count for by its being always poflible to procure a different 

 temperature of the air, by refiding at different heights in 

 the ifland : and he expreffed his furprize that the Englifti 

 phyficians had never thought of fending their confumptive 

 patients to Teneriff'e, inftead of Nice or Lifl^on. They 

 reckon that 40,000 pipes of wine are annually made, the 

 greateft part of which is either confumed in the ifland, or 

 made into brandy, and fent to the Spanifli Wefl^ Indies and 

 North America. 



In the Embaffy to China (vol. i.) the quantity of wine, 

 confifting principally of white wine, faid to be exported 

 from Teneriffe, is about 25,000 pipes annually made in the 

 ifland. Part is fent to South America : and the Englifli 

 take off a confiderable quantity in return for manufaftures ; 

 and the North Americans in payment of corn, ftaves, horfes 

 and tobacco, which laft article is contraband and fmuggled. 

 10 



TEN 



Tobacco or fiiuff" is in uiiiverfal ufe ; aiifl that which is le- 

 gally imported is fold at fo high a price, that the temptation 

 to fmuggling is irrefiftible. The royal monopoly extends 

 even to orchilla or archil, a fubftance ufed in dyeing. Formerly 

 there was made at Teneriff'e a great quantity of Canary fack, 

 which the French call " vin de Malvafia," and we, corruptly 

 after them, name Malmfcy (from Malvafia, a town in the 

 Morea, famous for fuch lufcious wine.) In the 17th cen- 

 tury, and ftill later, much of this was imported into Eng- 

 land, and little wine is now made there except that defcribed 

 by Capt. Cook, and whicli he compares with Madeira, the 

 latter being as much fuperior to the former, as ftrong beer 

 is to fmall. But the gi-eat diff^erence of price is a recom- 

 mendation of it. Befides wine, which is the chief produce 

 of the idand, beef may be had at a moderate price. The 

 oxen arc imall and bony, and the meat lean. Hogs, flieep, 

 goats, and poultry, may alfo be bought at a moderate rate : 

 and fruits, fuch as grapes, figs, pears, mulberries, plan- 

 tains, and muflc melons, are in great plenty. Their pump- 

 kins, onions, and potatoes, are alfo very good of their kind. 

 The Indian corn, which is their produce, and alfo their 

 fruits and roots, may be had at a very reafonable rate. They 

 have no plentiful fupply of fifli from the adjoining fea ; but 

 a confiderable fiftiery is carried on by their veflels upon the 

 coaft of Barbaiy ; and the produce of it fells at a reafon- 

 able price. Capt. Cook fays that he found Teneriffe to be 

 a more eligible place than Madeira for fliips bound on long 

 voyages to touch at. At Teneriffe they make a little filk ; 

 but imlefs we reckon the filtering-ftones, brought in great 

 numbers Irom Grand Canary, the wine is the only confider- 

 able article of the foreign commerce of Teneriffe. None 

 of the race of inhabitants found here when the Spaniards 

 difcovered the Canaries, now remain a diftinft people, hav- 

 ing intermarried with the Spanifli fettlers ; but their de- 

 fcendants are known from their being remarkably tall, large- 

 boned, and ftrong. The men are in general of a tawny 

 colour, and the women have a pale complexion, entirely 

 deftitute of that bloom which diftinguiflies our northern 

 beauties. The Spanifli cuftom of wearing black clothes 

 continues amongft them ; but the men feem more indifferent 

 about this, and in fome meafure drefs like the French. 

 According to Capt. Cook, the peak of Teneriffe is fituated 

 in N. lat. 28° 18', and upon this fuppofition its longitude 

 will be 



r The time-keepers 17° o'3o''T 

 By < Lunar obfervations 16 30 20 >Weft. 

 (.Mr. Varila - 16 46 o J 

 But if its latitude be z8° 12' 54", as in Mafltelyne's Britifli 

 Mariner's Guide, its longitude will be 1 3' 30" more wefterly. 

 The variation (Auguft 1776) by a mean of all Capt. Cook's 

 compafles was found to be 14° 41' 20" W. The dip of the 

 N. end of the needle was 61^52' 30". 



Teneriffe, a town of South America, in the govern- 

 ment ef the Caraccas, and province of St. Martha ; 80 

 miles S.S.W. of St. Martha. N. lat. 10° 2'. W. long. 



74" 30'- 



TENESMUS, in Medicine, an inceffant and urgent de- 

 fire to go to ftool, while the evacuations are exceedingly 

 fcanty, of a mucous or bloody appearance, and are attended 

 with fcarcely any relief of the diftrelfing fenfation which 

 preceded them. It may be brought on by any caufe which 

 excites exceflive irHtation in the reftum, either direftly, or 

 by fympathy with neighbouring organs, fuch as the bladder, 

 uterus, proftate gland, or urethra. Thus it is frequently a 

 fymptom of a ftone in the bladder, of inflammation of the 

 neck of that organ, of fiftula, of gonorrhcea virulenta, and 

 alfo of pregnancy. In its moft acute form, tenefmus more 



commonly 



