T E N 



TEN 



commonly occurs as a confequence of difeafe affefting the 

 intoftincs themfelves, and more efpecially of dyfentcry : it 

 is alfo frequently excited by afcarides, or haemorrhoidal tu- 

 mours within the reftum. See Dysemtery. 



The treatment of this affeftion muft of courfe be adapted 

 to the nature of the irritation which has occafioned it ; and 

 the removal of the irritating caufc will generally be followed 

 by the ceffation of the cffcft. Wlien lliie, however, cannot 

 be accomphlhed, the introduction of opium as a fuppofi- 

 tory into the reftum, or united with a ftarch glyfter, will 

 often procure eflential relief. 



TENESSEE, in Geography. See Tennessee. 

 TENESUR, a town of Egypt, on the weft branch of 

 the Nile ; 3 miles S. of Amrus. 



TENET, a particular opinion, dogma, or doftrine, pro- 

 feffedly held by fome divine, philofophcr, &c. 



The diftinguifliing tenets of the feveral fefts in religion, 

 and philofophy, fee under the names of the fefts them- 

 felves. 



TENEZ, or Tenes, in Geography. See Tennis. 

 TENEZA, a town of Morocco ; 43 miles W.S.W. of 

 Morocco. 



TENGA, in Botany, a name by which fome authors 

 have called the cocoa-nut tree, or palma indica nucifera of 

 other writers. 



TE-NGAN, in Geography, a city of China, of the firft 

 rank, in Hou-quang ; 550 miles S. of Peking. N. lat. 31° 

 20'. E. long. 1 13° 17'. 



TENGAPATAM, a town of Hindooftan, on the fea- 

 coaft, ill the country of Travancore ; 20 miles S.W. of 

 TraTancore. 



TENGI, a town of Perfia, in the province of Schirvan ; 

 25 miles N. of Scamachie. 



TENGILO, a river of Lapland, which falls into the 

 Tornea, which, as well as the lake and mountain of Niemi, 

 has been celebrated by Maupertuis for pifturefque beauty. 



TENGIS, a lake of Independent Tartary, about 140 

 miles in length by half that breadth, being the largeft lake in 

 Afia after the feas of Aral and Baikal. It is alfo called 

 Balkafh or Palcate. This lake, with two others that are 

 very confiderable, belong to the Kalmucks fubjeft to 

 Cliina. 



TENGMO, a fmall ifland on the E. fide of the gulf of 

 Bothnia. N. lat. 63° 10'. E. long. 21° 52'. 



TENG-TCHOUEN, a city of China, of the fecond 

 rank, in Yun-nan ; 1182 miles S.W. of Peking. N. lat. 

 26^ 2'. E. long. 99° 49'. 



TENGZEGZET. See Tenzegzet. 

 TENIA. See Taenia. 



TENIERS, David, the elder, ia Biography, was born 

 at Antwerp in 1582. He received his education in painting 

 in the fchool of Rubens, and under that great artiil's imme- 

 diate tuition, obtained the mode of preparing his grounds, 

 and managing his materials. Intending to continue the ftudy 

 of hiftoric painting, he went to Rome ; but there aban- 

 doned it, and attached himfelf to his countryman, Adam 

 Elrtieimer, under whom he continued for fix years to ftudy 

 landfcape, and from him moft probably acquired the neat- 

 nefs of pencilhng for which his works are efteemed. 



On his return to his native country, he blended the ftyles 

 of both his mafters, and employed the compound in a novel 

 and ingenious manner, upon fubjcfts original and at the 

 fame time agreeable ; fuch as merry-makings, both interior 

 and at the doors of cabarets ; rural fports , cattle, ftieep, and 

 thofe who tended them ; numerous groups and grotefque 

 combinations ; fuch as the temptation of St. Anthony, &c. 

 For piftures of thefe kinds, he wae fortunate enough to find 

 Vol. XXXV. 



admirers and purchafers ; and they would ftill havf been th(? 

 theme of admiration, had not his fon, following the fame 

 track, have proved how pofTiblc it was to proceed infinitely 

 farther. He died in 1649, aged fixty-fcvcn. 



Tknjkks, David, the younger, fon of the foregoing 

 artiil, was born at Antwerp in 1610, and was ^nitiatcd in 

 the art of painting by his father ; but he afterwards became 

 a difciple of Adrian Brauwer, and is alfo faid to have hud the 

 happinefs and honour of receiving inftruftions from Rubent. 

 The fubjefts and the ftyle he adopted were, as we have faid, 

 the fame with thofe em])loyed by his father ; but with a 

 more fertile imagination, he produced compofitions infiiiitely 

 more varied and ingenious, with colouring and eflcft more 

 vivid and engaging, more rich and traiifparent ; and with a 

 facility of execution pcrfeftly enchanting. It it true they 

 feldom exhibit much refearch of character or expreffion ; 

 what there may be of thofe qualities, was more probably a 

 fortunate hit, than any refult of meditation or intention. 

 In this refpedt Jan Stein, and our own Wilkie, have as much 

 the fuperiority over Teniers, as he poftefTes by the power of 

 his execution. 



At the firft difplay of his powers he was not fo fucccfsful 

 as he merited, but it was not long that he lay neglefted : the 

 archduke Leopold being made acquainted with his merits, 

 iremediately diftinguilhed him by his patronage ; appointed 

 him his principal painter ; honoured him by making him a 

 gentleman of his bed-chamber ; prefcnted him with a chain 

 of gold, to which his portrait was affixed ; and gave him tlie 

 fuperintendance of his gallery of pifturcs, which contained 

 works of the moft diftinguiflied mafters of the Italian and 

 Flemifh fchools. Of this gallery, Teniers made feveral pic- 

 tures, in which he imitated the manners of the various maf- 

 ters fo fucceisfully, as to obtain the name of the Proteus of 

 painting. He alfo amufed himfelf by making compofitions 

 in the ftyles of different painters of renown, as Titian, Tin- 

 toretto, the Baffans, Rubens, &c.; and in their execution 

 endeavoured to imitate the touch of tiiofe great men. Thefe 

 imitations are generally known under the name of pafticcios, 

 and have frequently been miftaken for originals, and fold a« 

 fuch. 



Thefe were the amufements or indulgcncies of idle fancy ; 

 his fame refts for more full and honourable fupport upon his 

 original produftions in his own proper ftyle. He was a con- 

 ftant and faithful obferver of nature ; and in his favourite 

 fubjefts, village feftivals, fairs, and merry-makings, he has ex- 

 hibited, with a moft engaging freedom, the manners and cha- 

 rafters of his countrymen. That he might conveniently 

 mingle with the fcenes he chofe to reprefent, he eftablifhcd 

 himfelf in the village of Perk, between Antwerp and Mech- 

 lin, and there, with a painter's eye, he obferved the undif- 

 guifed impulfe of the natural charaftcr of the lower clafs 

 among the people, and has left many beautiful and plcafing 

 remembrances of occurrences uninterefting, nay fometimea 

 difgufting ill themfelves, but rendered i'iig.iging by his de- 

 lightful mode of reprefenting them. One peculiar charm 

 there is to be found in the beft pifturcs of Teniers, more per- 

 feftly obtained than in the works of other artifts, and that 

 is, the complete effeft of atmofphcre, filvery, pure, and 

 natural ; Claude de Lorraine himk-lf docs not furpafs him ; 

 and this truth, though yielded on fimple materials, in fcenes 

 flat aiid infipid in their forms, yet makes amends for their na- 

 tural want of intcreft by its truth and fimplicity. 



In the interior of apartments, of the cottage, the cabaret, 

 the guard-room, or chemift's laboratory, he is not Icfs ad- 

 mirable by his clcarncls and precifion than in his exteriors. 

 He furpalfcd Oftade in his knowledge of perfpeftive, and 

 in his freedom! as much as he is excelled by the latter in trutj-. 

 Xx of 



