TENNESSEE. 



Carolina ; wofterly by Cumberland mountain, Emery's 

 river, &c. ; and fouthcrly by a line marked from place to 

 place, as a continuation of the Cherokee boundary. The 

 wellern traft, thus purchafcd of the Indians, lies on Cum- 

 berland river, and is bounded north by Kentucky ; callerly 

 by a line running from the nortli-ea(l to the fouth-wcil ; and 

 fouth and weft by a line of feveral thoufand angles, run ac- 

 cording to the TennelTee Ridge, which feparatcs the waters 

 of the Cumberland from thofe of the Tcnncflee river. The 

 general courfe of this ridge-line is firfl wefterly, and then 

 north-wefterly ; which, imagining the zigzag rtduccd into 

 two ttraight lines, makes the figure of the Iraft a trapezium. 

 The longeft fide is that adjoinmg Kentucky, the length of 

 which, afcertained by meafurement, is nearly i6o miles. 

 The length of the eafterly fide is about 90 miles. The 

 eaftern is generally called the Holfton fettlement, and the 

 weftern the Cumberland iettlement, from thofe two prime 

 rivers, which traverfe the countries refpeftively. Between 

 thefe fettlements lies a fpacious wildernefs, which the Che- 

 rokees claim and traverfe in hunting, and which, from one 

 limit of their claim to the other, as the road goes, is about 

 70 miles wide. 



This ftate, as it was ercfted and organized in 1796, 

 is divided into three diftridts. The eaftern fettlement 

 is divided into two diftrifts, Waftiington the eaftern dif- 

 trift, and Hamilton the middle diftrift. The weftern 

 fettlement is the third or Mero diftrift. The number of 

 counties, &c. may be feen in the following topographical 

 table. 



Counties. 

 Anderfon 

 Bledfoe 

 Blount 

 Campbell 

 Carter 

 Claiborne 

 Cocke 

 Granger 

 Greene 

 Hawkins 

 JefFerfoii 

 Knox 

 Rhea 

 Roano 

 Sevier 

 Sullivan 

 Waftiington 



Carry forward 



78264 



160360 



Tiie following counties have been laid out fince the laft; 

 cenfus was taken : 



Greenville, 

 Wayne. 



The eaftern part of this ftate is mountainous, the 

 middle part hilly, and the weftern part moftly level. The 

 climate among the mountains is faid to be delightful ; in the 

 middle pai-t, temperate and agreeable ; in the weftern part, 

 hot in fummer, and mild in winter. The difeafes to which 

 the adult inhabiiants have been moft liable are pleurifics, 

 rhenmatifms, and rarely agues and fevers ; but, upon the 

 whole, the inliabitants are generally healthy, and tliis falu- 

 brity of the ftate has been partly attributed to its having 

 few ftagnant waters. The principal rivers of this ftate are 

 the Cumberland, the Holftein or Holfton, the Tenneftee, 

 the Clinch, the Notachuckey or Nolichucky, the French 

 Broad, the Hiwaffce, the Duck, the Redfoot, the Obian 

 or Oby, the Forked Deer, and the Wolf. The chief of 

 thefe rivers ai'e defcribed under their appropriate names. 

 The mountains in this ftate are numerous ; fome of tliem, 

 particularly the Cumberland (which fee), or Great Laurel 

 Ridge, are the moft ftupendous piles in the United St.-ite8. 

 Stone, Yellow, Iron, Bald, Smoky, and Unaka mountains 

 adjoin each other, and form, in a dircftion nearly north- 

 eaft and fouth-weft, the eaftern boundary of the tlate. In 

 thefe mountains are innumerable caverns and cafcadee. 

 North-weft from thefe, and fcparated from each other by 

 vallies from 5 to 15 miles wide, rife Bay's mountain. Cop- 

 per Ridge, Clinch mountain, Powell's momitain, and WeU 

 ling's Ridge. The four laft terminate north of the TennefTee 

 river, and thefe, as well as the others, are branches of Vir- 

 ginia mountains. They are all encircled by vallies, which 

 open channels for rivers and roads for paftagc. Although 

 the foil on the mountains is poor, that of the vallies is fer- 

 tile ; improving in the middle of the ftate, and in the weflem 

 part becoming rich. It produces cotton, which is tlie ftaple 

 commodity, and the principal article of export, tobacco, 

 indigo, Indian corn, hemp, flax, rice, wheat, rye, oats, 

 barley, and all kinds of vegetables in high perfeftion. The 

 trees and plants found in this ftate are poplar, hickory, 

 black and white walnut, all kinds of oaks, buck-eye, beech, 

 fycamore, black and honey locuft, aih, hornbeam, elm, 

 mulberry, cherry, dogwood, faftafras, papaw, cucumber- 

 tree, coffee -tree, and the fugar-tree. In the eaftern dillrift 

 is a fpecies of pitch-pine, ufeful for boards, timber, and tar. 

 The under-growth, in many places, and efpecially in low 

 grounds, is cane, fome of which is upwards of 20 feet high, 

 and fo thick as to prevent any other plant growing : there 

 are alfo Virginia and Seneca fnake-root, ginieng, Carolina 

 pink, angelica, fenna, lobelia, Indian phyfic, Ipice-wood, 

 wild plum, crab-apple, haws, hazel-nuts, fweet anifc, red 

 bud ginger, fpikenard, wild hop and grape vines. The 

 glades are covered with wild rye, wild oats, clover, bufTalo- 

 X X 2 gtafs, 



