TEN 



nominally held on Fridays. A large fair is annually held 

 for the fale of cattle, wool, (hop-goods, &c. According 

 to the returns under the population aft of the year i8li, 

 the number of inhabitants in this town was 2786, that of 

 houfes 459. Many of the latter are refpeftable buildings, 

 occupied by perfons wliofe families have derived affluence 

 from the grazing bufiiiefs carried on in the neighbouring 

 mardics. The parirti church is" a fpacious ftruftnre, and 

 confills of a nave, north aille, and chancel, with a well-built 

 and lofty tower at the weft end, on whicli is fculptured the 

 arms of St. Auguttinc's monaftery, to which foundation this 

 church was appropriated in 1259. Bcfides the church, here 

 are two places of religious worfhip for diffenters of different 

 denominations. Dr. Harris mentions an ancient free-fchool, 

 founded here by one of the family of Heyman of Somerfield, 

 and records fome donations made for its fiipport. The 

 trufteesare the mayor and jurats, who, accordmg to Hafted, 

 are fo inattentive to the charity, that not any children are 

 now educated on this foundation. 



The chapelry of Small Hithe, in Tenterden parifli, was 

 formerly, according to traditional report, a very confiderable 

 place, but is now reduced to a few farm-houfes and cot- 

 tages. The chapel was licenfed by archbilhop Warham, in 

 IC09, " on account of the badnefs of the roads, and the 

 dangers which the inhabitants underwent in their vvay to the 

 parifh church, from the waters being out." — Beauties of 

 England and Wales, vol. viii. Kent, by E. W. Brayley. 



TENTH, in Englifi Hiftory. See LAND-r^.v. 



Tenths are faid to have been tirft granted under Henry II., 

 who took advantage of the falhionable zeal for croifades to 

 introduce this new taxation, in order to defray the expence 

 of a pious expedition to Paleiline, which he really or feem- 

 ingly had projefted againfl Saladine, emperor of the Sara- 

 cens ; whence it was originally denominated the Saladine 

 tenth. But afterwards fifteenths were more ufually granted 

 than tenths. 



Tenth, Dec'ima. See FiRST-Fn/rfj', and Tithe. 



Tenths, OJice of, is kept in the Temple, under the di- 

 rection of a receiver and his clerks. 



Tenth, in Mufic, the oftave above the third, and an 

 oftave below the feventeenth, or ftop in the organ called the 

 tierce. The tenth is a vei-y plealnig confonance, but in- 

 ferior in fuavity to the third ; for which reafon the duets at 

 the opera, fince the principal firft man's part has been per- 

 formed by a tenor, have never given the .audience that ex- 

 uifite pleafure which they ufed to do, when fung by two 

 opranos. 



TENTH REDO, in Entomology, a genus of the Hy- 

 menoptera order of infefts, the charafters of which are, that 

 the mouth has a horny, arcuated mandible, witliin dentated ; 

 a flraight jaw, obtufe at the apex ; a cylindric, trifid lip, with 

 four unequal filiform feelers ; the wings flat, and tumid or 

 nightly inflated ; the piercers confifting of two ferrated, 

 fcarcely prominent laminx ; and the fcutellum with two 

 diftant granules. 



The larvae of this genus refemble thofe of the order 

 Lepidoptera, or real caterpillars ; but are diftinguiflied from 

 them by their more numerous feet, which are never fewer 

 than fifteen, cxclufive of the three firft or thoracic pairs. 

 When difturbed or handled, they ufually roll themfelves into 

 a flat fpiral. They feed, hke the caterpillars of the lepi- 

 doptera, on the leaves of plants ; and undergo their chryfahs 

 ftate in a llrong gummy cafe or envelopement, prepared in 

 autumn, out of which, in the enfuing fpring, emerges the 

 complete infeft. The tenthrcdines fonn a numerous genus, 

 and are divided into tribea or feftions, according to the form 

 of tht' antenus, Gmelin reckons 143 fpecies, 



TEN 



N. B. The European fpecies are marked with a ftar *, 

 and the EngUfti with a crofs f . 



I 



A. 



Species. 

 Antennis clavated. 



♦Femouata. Antennae yellow ; black body; hinder 

 thighs largell ; the larva green, with a blueifh fine on the 

 back, and yellow at the fides. 



*Marginata. AntennsE yellowifh at the ap-x; black 

 body ; the hinder fegments of the abdomeB white at the 

 margin. 



Lutea. Antennas yellow ; fegments of the abdomen 

 moftly yellow. This infeft proceeds from a large greei* 

 larva, of a finely granulated furface, with a double row of 

 black fpecks on each fide, and a duiky dorfal line bounded 

 on each by yellow. It feeds on various fpecies of willow, 

 alder, and beech. The parchment-hke cafe in which it en- 

 velopes itfelf in autumn is of a pale yellowifh-brown colour ; 

 and the chryfalis, which is of a pale dufl<y or brownifti caft, 

 exhibits the hmbs of the future fly, in fize equal to a com- 

 mon wafp, and of a yellow colour, bound with black ; the 

 antenns rather (hort, and ftrongly clavated. 



AMERiN.ffi:. Body cir.ereous ; abdomen beneath red ; 

 white lip. This infeft is fomewhat fmaller than the pre- 

 ceding : its caterpillar, like that of tlie former, is of a green 

 colour, and of a finely roughened furface, powdered with 

 numerous whitiflt fpecks. Feeds on the willow. 



Tristis. Black, with yellow antenna, and wings browa 

 at the apex ; green larva, with an azure line on the back, 

 black and yellow fringed. 



ViTELLiN/E. Abdomen above black; fides red ; hinder 

 thighs dentated ; larva greenifb. 



LucoRUj . Antennas black ; body villous black. Found 

 on the beech and alder. 



* Fasciata. Black ; antennae black ; primary v/ings 

 with a brown band. 



*Sericea. Antennae yellow; thorax black ; abdomen 

 braffy ; larva green, with two yellow fines. 



Obscura. Body fmooth and black. Found in the 

 groves of Sweden. 



Connata. Black ; abdomen with yellow bands. Found 

 on the alder. 



* Nitens. Antennae yellow ; abdomen green -blueifh, 

 fliining. Suggefted to be a variety of the fericea. 



B. Antennx exarticulate, the outer ones thkler. 



Clavicornis. Black ; abdomen yellow ; apex black* 

 Found in North America. 



Annulata. Black; abdomen yellow; hinder tarfi black, 

 annulated with white. 



* Enodis. Antennx fmooth ; body black-blueilh ; larva 

 green, fpotted with black, a rough lateral Hne yellow, 

 iharp tail. 



CiLiARis. Antennx beneath ciliated ; hinder legs white. 

 Found in Germany. 



* Ustulata. Body black; abdomen blueilh ; legs pale. 

 On the canine rofe. Larva green, with two white- lines; 

 head teftaceous ; obfcure band. 



f Cyanocrocea. Head and thorax bright-blue ; abdo- 

 men fafFron-coloured. 



■}■ Atrata. Black ; back, zone, and three arcs, yel- 

 low-greenifh. 



BicoLOR. Black-blue ; abdomen and bafe of the wings 

 yellow ; wings with a black band. Found in Auftria. 



* Melanochba. Black ; abdomen yellow ; a fmali black 



line 



