TEN 



knots ; the hinder margin of the fegments of the abdomen 

 from the third to the fifth ycUow-grecnilh ; the thighs black ; 

 the face anterior at the apex and the legs yellow ; the hinder 

 at the. apex black; the folcs yellow; the linear abdomen 

 comprefl'ed. 



TENTOLI, in Geography, a town of the ifland of Ce- 

 lebes, near the north extremity, on the weft coaft, which 

 gives name to a road. N. lat. i '. 



TENTORES, among the Romans, were perfons ap- 

 pointed to hold the clothes of tlie cliariotecrs that contended 



in the circns. 



TENTUGAL, in Geogrnphy, a town of Portugal, in 



the province of Beira ; 7 miles W.N.W. of Coimbra. 

 TENTYRA, or Textyuis, in Ancient Geography, a 



town of Egypt, and capital of a nome, which took the 



name of Taityri'i-s, according to Strabo, Pliny, Ptolemy, 



and Steph. Byz. 



TENTZEL, William-Ernest, in Biography, a Ger- 

 man antiquary and hiftorian, was born, in 1659, at GreiifTen, 



in Thuriiigia, and fiiiidied his education at Witteniberg, di- 



refting the courfe of his ftudies to philofopliy and the Orien- 

 tal languages, and alfo to hiilory, both facred and profane. 



In 1685 he was appointed a teacher in the gymnafium at 



Gotha, and entrulled with the care of the duke's colleftion 



of antiquities and coins. In order to qualify himfelf for the 



more honourable difcharge of his duties as hiftoriographcr 



to the houfe of Saxony of the Erneftine line, to which 



office he was appointed in 1696, he vifited various courts in , , , j- 



Germany, and carried .^n an epiftolary corrcfpondence with ^""^ }^"° ^'-'^^ ^' ?^""^ ''^ y^"' purchafe under the price of 



many diftinguifhed foreigners. In 1702 he removed to ['"'-''^'lojd, accordmg^to the Report of the ftate of agricul- 



TEN 



has been remarked in the Shropthire Agricultural Report, 

 that it appears beautiful in theory, that there fliould be one 

 rule of defcent in a kingdom only, one tenure of property, 

 and one fcale of political rights ; but that it may be doubled 

 whether fo much uniformity is fuitable to an imperfeA ftate ; 

 or at leall to our prefent degree of improvement. At all 

 events, irregidarities that are not attended with much prac- 

 tical inconvenience, Ihould not be pointed out as obnoxious, 

 in a fcheme that has produced fo much pofitive happinefi, 

 and fo mucli comparative good, as the cunllitution of ihefc 

 kingdoms has afforded. 



It is Hated too, in the Agricultural Survey of EJTex, 

 tilat freehold ellates are the moil valuable to the immediate 

 proprietor, there can be no doubt ; but the purchafer of 3 

 copyhold may remember, that the original purchafe is by fo 

 mucii the lower ; and whether he liUs tlie occupation to a 

 tenant, or farms and cultivates it himfelf, he may poflibly 

 make as good interell of his capital as if he had bought a 

 freehold. Perhaps, alfo, its general and final utility to the 

 public, may be nearly or quite the fame. This, the writer 

 thinks, is certain, that copyhold ellates, whether in the handi 

 of the proprietors or tenants, are as well cultivated .as the free, 

 excepting only in the article of timber, and even in that the 

 difference is feldom viCble. The hke may be faid of leafe- 

 hold ellates, and even of thofe in mortmain. 



In Hertfordfhire, where a large portion of the property 

 is held by copyliold tenure, with a fine certain or at the will 

 of the lord, but which fine never exceeds two years' rent. 



Drefden, where he was made hiftoriographer to the elcftor 

 of Saxony, king of Poland, by whom he was honoured with 

 the title of counfeUor ; but his manners not being adapted 

 to a court, he obtained leave to retire. What remained of 

 his life was devoted to literary purfuits ; and he died, very 

 poor, in November 1 707, in his 49th year. His works 

 were numerous, among which we may reckon the following : 

 •via. " De Phenice," Vitemb. 1682, 4to.; " De Ritu Lec- 

 tionum Sacrorum,'" Vitemb. 1685, 4to. a work highly 

 commended by Bayle ; " Judicia Eruditorum de Symbolo 

 Athanafiano Iludiofe colleCla et inter fi? collata," Francf. 

 et Lipf. 1687, l2mo. ; " Animadverfiones in Cafimiri Or- 

 dine Supplementum de Scriptoribus Ecclefiaflicis," 1688, 

 l2mo. ; " Cafparis Sagittarii Hiftorici Saxonici Hiftoria 

 Gothona plenior, &c." Jena, 1700, 4to.; " Supplementum 

 Hiftorias Gothonx," ibid. 1701, 410. ; " Supplementum 

 Hill. Goth, fecnndum," ibid. 1701, 4to. ; " Saxonia Nn- 

 mifmatica, ParjI." Francf. et Lipf. 1705, 4to.; " Pars II." 

 1705. Tentzel was alfo a contributor to feveral literary 

 journals. Gen. Biog. 



TENUIROSTRjE, in Ornithology, the name of a genus 

 of fmall birds, which feed on infedls, and have flender and 

 ftiarp beaks ; of this genus are the lark, fwallow, red-bread, 

 and a number of others. Ray's Ornithology. 



TENUME, in Geography, a town of Arabia, in the 

 province of Nedsjed ; 40 miles N. of Aniza. 



TENURE, in Agriculture, the manner in which pro- 

 prietors and tenants hold their lands, &c. of their land- 

 lords, or other perfons. 



It may be noticed, that the tenures of lands are extremely 

 various in almoft every diflrift of the kingdom, being, how- 

 ever, chiefly freehold, free-farmhold, copyhold, long-leafehold, 

 or life-leafehold, though there are many other local forts of 

 tenures of land. The freehold is moft probably in the largeft 

 proportion over the whole country, the copyholds in the 

 next, and the leafehold tenures in the fmallcfl, extent. It 



ture for that diflrift. And it is further fuggefted"in the 

 latter of the two former of the above agricultural furveys, 

 that, with regard to the tenures by which the more tempo- 

 rary occupiers hold their farms, they arc, as already ob- 

 ferved, extremely various, fomc upon leafes of longer or 

 ftorter dumtion, fome without any leafc at all, agreeably to 

 the taftc and pleafure of the landlord ; though by far the 

 greatefl number, cfpecially of thofe in the pofleflion of Uie 

 fmaller proprietors, are let upon leafes of from eight or ten 

 to twenty-one years. And it is obferved, from what has 

 been done in Norfolk and other counties where the tenures 

 are of more length, as from feven to twenty-one years, that 

 the improvement of the land is much conncfted with the 

 pratlice of fuch tenures. And it is likewife fuggefted in 

 the Glouceller Report on Agriculture, that it were much 

 to be wifhed that a general rule could be adopted for the 

 commencement and end of tenures ; as it would ultimately, 

 the writer thinks, be highly advantageous to landlords and 

 tenants, and will probably be one refult of the labours of 

 agricultural focieties. 



Some fupjiofe tlie freehold tenure to pofTefs the moft 

 numerous advantages, with the feweil inconveniences, of any 

 fort of holding. But many are of opinion that fome other 

 kinds are equal to it, or nearly fo. The forms of tenure 

 throughout moil of the fouthern parts of England, arc prin- 

 cipally thofe of the freehold, copyhold, life-leafe, church- 

 leafe, and college-leafe kinds, both for lives and years. In 

 Cornwall they are for the moil part freehold, with the ex- 

 ception of the lands of ccclefiailical corporations and ancient 

 duchy land, wiiicli is equivalent to copyhold in fee, held 

 under the duke of Cornwall, fubjeft to a fmall annual rent. 

 This fort of land pafles by furrender in the duchy courts, 

 nearly in the fame form as other copyhold lands. But the 

 modern duchy is different from the above ; the occupiers 

 being leffees under the duke, and, in general, arc purchafer* 

 ot an intereil in the land during the continuance of the 

 longefl liver of three lives, the confideration bcijig, in part, 

 Y y 2 _ a fine 



