T E 11 



T E K 



Calyx of one leaf, inferior, witii a definite number of 

 fegments. Petals definite in number, (rarely wanting,) 

 iiiierted into the lower part of the calyx, alternately with 

 its fegments, with whicli they agree in number. Stamens 

 either the fame number, alternate with the petals, or twice 

 as many, inferted into the fame fpot. Germen fuperior, 

 cither fimple, or more than one, of a determinate number. 

 When the germen is fmgle, the Jfy/e is folitary, (rarely defi- 

 cient,) with a fimple or a divided y?;^ffw ; when there arc 

 fevcral germens, the ftigmas equal them in number. Fruit 

 either capfular, a berry, or a drupa, of one or more fingle- 

 fecded cells. Where there are feveral germens, there are as 

 many llyles, or fimple ftigmas ; and the fame number of 

 diftinft fingle-feedcd capfules. The feeds are generally 

 lodged in a bony nut. The corculum is without an albumen, 

 its radicle lateral, and reflexed upon the lobes. Stem arbo- 

 refcent or ihrubby. Leaves alternate, without Jlipuhu, 

 either firaple, or ternate, or pinnate with an odd leaflet. 



Sedion I. Germen fimple. Fruit of one cell, with a foli- 

 tary feed. 



This comprifes Cafuvium of JufTieu and Lamarck, which 

 is the Linna:an Anacardium ; Anacardium of the fame authors, 

 which is Semecarpus of Linnius ; Mangifra ; Connarus ; 

 Rhus; and /{ourca of Aublet, Schreber's Robcrgia. 



Seft. 2. Germen fimple. Fruit of many cells, fome of 

 'which are occafioiially abortive. 



Cneorum ; R umphia ; Cemoeladia ; Canarium ; Idea, of 

 Aublet ; Amyris ; Toddalia, which is Crantzia of Schreber, 

 Scopolia of Sm. Plant. Ic. (fee Scopolia) ; Scinus ; 

 Spathelia ; Terebinthus of Tournefort and Juffieu, the Lin- 

 naean Piflacia ; Burfera ; Toluifera; Tapiria of Aublet, 

 which is Schreber's Jonquetia; Poupartia of Commerfon, 

 perhaps not different from our Spondias Mangifea ; and 

 Spondias itfelf, compofe this feftion. 



Se6l. 3. Germen feveral. Fruit of many fmglefeeded 

 capfules. 



Here ai'e only three genera ; Simaha of Aublet, which is 

 Schreber's Z'wingera ; Aylar.thus of Desfontaines ; and 

 Brucea of L'Heritier. 



Se6t. 4. Genera akin to Terebintacea; but differing in 

 being furnifhed with ajlefiy albumen, -which brings them near to 

 Rhamni ; fee that article. 



Cneflis of Juffieu, Lamarck Illuftr. t. 3R7 ; Fagara; 

 Zanthoxylum ; BldA Ptelea. 



iSeft. 5. Genera akin to Terebiniacen, and (like the true 

 plants of this order) deflitute of afefy albumen. 



Dodoniea ; Aiierrhoa ; and Juglans. 



.Tufiieu announces an intention of dividing this order into 

 Cajjuvia, true Ferebintaces, and Zanthoxyla ; the firft having 

 fimple leaves, a fingle-feeded fruit, and an afcending radicle; 

 the fecond generally pinnate or ternate foliage, a drupa with 

 feveral fingle-feeded nuts, and a defcending radicle ; and 

 the tliird pinnate or ternate foliage, moftly marked with 

 pellucid dots ; fruit of many ccDs or many capfules, each 

 with fohtary feeds ; and a flefhy albumen furronnding a 

 ilraight corculum. A fourth order would arife out of cer- 

 tain genera now intermixed with the reft, but not properly 

 coming under any of the three juft defined, being thcmfelves 

 perhaps entitled to lay the foundation of future orders, not 

 as yet difcovered. 



TEREBINTHINA, in Medicine, Natural Hijlory, Sec. 

 See Turpentine. 



TEREBINTHUS, in Botany, Tjp^oOo; of Diofcoridcs. 

 See PisTAClA and Tekebintace.*. 



TEREBOTIN, a word ufed by Paraeelfus for the com- 

 mon turpentine. 



TEREBRA, from xEfji', to bore, a trepan, or trephine. 

 Vol. XXXV. 



Alfo, an inftrument called a perforator, fuch as is contained 

 in die generality of cafes of trephining inftrumcnts, and i« 

 uled for making a hole, in which the centre pin of the tre- 

 phine is to work. 



TEREBRATULA, in Natural Hflory, a name given 

 by Mr. LIuiyd and Gu.ilticri to fomc fpccies of the fmooth 

 conchx- anomijc, which have near the head of the fhcll a fmall 

 hole, which looks as if bored by art. See Con( ii.t, Ano- 

 niiit, and Shells. 



TERECOL, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Concan ; 16 miles N.N.W. of Goa. 



TEREDO, in Natural Niflory, a genus of the Tcftacca 

 order of Vermes, the characters of which are, that the ani- 

 mal is a terebella, with two liemifphcric calcareous valves, 

 cut off" before, and two lanccolatcd ; the fhell is round, 

 flexuous, and capable of penetrating wood. Gmelin reckons 

 three 



Species. 



Navalls. The Ihell very (lender, cylindric and fmooth. 



Utriculus. Shell folid, cylindric and undulated. 



Clava. Shell clavated at one end, the other curved, 

 narrower, obtufe, and perforated in the middle. 



The head of the Teredo navalis, called by Linnxus cda- 

 mitas na-vium, is well prepared by nature for the hard offices 

 it is to undergo, being coated with a ftrong armour, aiid 

 furnidied with a mouth like that of the leech ; by which it 

 pierces wood, as that animal does the (kin : a httle above 

 this it has two horns, which feem a kind of continuation of 

 the (hell ; the neck is as ftrongly provided for the fervicc of 

 the creature as the head, being furnifhed with feveral ftrong 

 mufcles ; the reft of the body is only covered by a very 

 thin and tranfparent (l<in, through which the motion of the 

 inteftines is plainly feen by the naked eye ; and by means of 

 the microfcope, feveral other very remarkable particulars be- 

 come vifible there. 



This creature is wonderfully minute when newly excluded 

 from the egg, and at its utmoft bignefs is a foot long ; three 

 or four inches are however its more frequent length. 



When the bottom of a veffel, or any other piece of wood 

 conftantly under water, is inhabited and injured by ever fo 

 great a number of thefe worms, there is no fign of the da- 

 mage to be perceived on the furface, nor are the creatures 

 vifible till the outer part of the wood is cut or broken 

 away ; then their ihelly habitations come in fight : thefe lie 

 fo near the furface, however, as to have an eafy communi- 

 cation with the water, and there is a multitude of httle per- 

 forations in the very furface through which the inhabitant 

 infeds throw out the extremities of their little (helly horns ; 

 thefe are of a reddifh colour, and may be diftingui(he<l 

 by an accurate obferver in form of fo many red pro- 

 minent points ; they all are retraced on the leaft touch, and 

 are thrown out again as foon as all is quiet. From thefc 

 points, or the fmall apertures which give them a way out, 

 are the cells of the teredines to be traced. They are com- 

 pofed of a pearly or fliclly matter, which forms a long 

 tube with various windings and turnings, which marje 

 the abode of the creature ; but which ufually neither ad- 

 heres to the body of the animal nor to the wood. Thefe 

 cafes or tubes are always more or lefs loofe in the wood, and 

 there is ever a large fpace within them, for the body of the 

 animal to be furroundcd every way with \«ater. They are 

 very fmooth on the inner furface, and fomewhat rougher 

 without ; and are much harder and firmer in the cells 

 of the older and larger animals than in thofe of the young 

 ones. 



Thefe (helly tubes arc compofcd of feveral rings, or an- 

 Z z nular 



