T E T 



the turtle witli green variegated flicll. fo named by the 

 count dc Cepede. Thefe turtles are laid to be fotuul ... 

 <rreat numbera in tl.e Southern ocean, and about Cape 

 'bianco, i.. New Spain. They alfo occur .n the gult ot 

 Mexico, and .na.iy of the la.-ge A.ner.cau nvers, both above 

 and below the line ; but they have never been difcovered m 

 the feas of the Old Continent. The fled, is laid to be very 

 delicate ; and is even preferred in fome places to that of the 

 common turtle. M. Bomare is faid by Cfepede to have tirll 

 defcribed this fpecies. . , , ^ n i 



The " trunk turtle" is mentioned by Catclhy, who 

 fays, without ever having feen it, fro.ii the report of others, 

 that thefe turtles grow to a very large fize, of a narrow form, 

 but very deep, the upper (hell being more convex than in 

 other kinds of turtle. Their fledi is rank, but affords a 

 large quantity of oil, which conftitutes their value. 



The " rhinoceros turtle," or la tortus naficonie, has not 

 been accurately defcribed. Count de Ctpcde fays, that 

 it is a native of the American feas, and bears a general 

 refcmblancc to the common or green turtle; but is diftin- 

 guifhed by having a large foft tubercle on the tip of the 

 Inout, in which are f.tuated the noftrils. It is eaten in 

 the fame manner as the green turtle, and is chiefly found 

 in the eqtiatorial regions. Shaw's General Zoology, vol. iii. 



pt. I. 



TesTUDO J^eliform'is QuaJral/ilis, an hemifpherical vault, 

 or cieling of a church, &c. in which four windows are fo 

 contrived, as that the reft of the vault is quadrable, or may 

 be fquared. 

 "The determination of thefe windows was a problem pro- 

 pofed to the great mathematicians of Europe, particularly 

 the cultivators of the new calculus differentialis, in the 

 Ada Eruditorum LipfiE, by fig. Viviani, under the fifti- 

 tious name of A. D. PioUfci pufillo-geometra, which was 

 the anagram of poftrcmo Galilsi difcipulo. 



It was folved by feveral perfons, particularly M. Leib- 

 nitz, the very day he faw it : and he gave it in the Leipfic 

 Afts in a variety of ways ; as alfo did M. Bernouilli, the 

 marquis de I'Hofpital, Dr. Wallis, and Dr. Gregory. 



TESTWOOD, in Biography, a fmging man in the choir 

 of Windfor, was burnt for his intemperate zeal in the caufe 

 of Proteftantifm, 1544, when Marbeck was likewife con- 

 demned, but afterwards pardoned. 



TESZERSKEY, in Geography, a town of Croatia ; 6 

 miles S.W. of Novi. 



TET, a river of France, which rifes in the Pyrenees, a 

 little above Mont Louis, and runs into the Mediterranean, 

 7 miles E. of Perpignan. 



TETANUS, in Medicine, a difeafe confifting in a fpaf- 

 modic contraftion of feveral of the mufcles of voluntary 

 motion, and more particularly of thofe which fhut the lower 

 jaw : and this being a conftant and prominent fymptoin, the 

 affeftion is commonly known by the name of locked jaw. 

 The fpafm of the mufcles is of the tonic kind ; or that in 

 which the exceff.ve contratlion continues for a conf.derable 

 time, without any interval of complete relaxation : in which 

 refpeft it is oppofed to clonic fpafms, or convulfions, where 

 the contraftions and relaxations alternate in rapid fucceffion. 

 (See Convulsion and Spj\sm.) The powers of fenfation 

 and of intelleft remain unimpaired in tetanus ; in which re- 

 fpeft alfo it is contrafted with epilepfy. 



Tetanus admits of many varieties and modifications, on 

 which the older nofologifts had founded different fpecies of 

 the difeafe. A rigidity of the mufcles of the lower jaw was 

 denominated trifmus. When the .nufcles of the back were 

 chiefly affefted, the difeafe was termed opi/Iholonos : when 

 Lhofc of the fore -part of the trunk, with the flexors of the 



S 



TET 



extremities, were the feat of fpafm, it was called emprojlha- 

 .;grws. Sometimes, though very rarely, the fpafms are con- 

 fined to one fide of the body only, bending it ftrongly to 

 that fide ; a form of the difeafe w'hich has been named by 

 Sauvages tetanus lateralis, and by later writers, the pleurq/Iho- 

 tonos, or picurotnnos. It was only when the fpafm was almoft 

 uuiverfal, that it was confidered as entitled to the appellation 

 of tetanus. Of late years, however, thefe names have very 

 properly been confidered as expreffing only varieties of one 

 and the fame affeftion, differing inerely in feverity, but 

 arifing from the faine caufes, and requiring the fame mode of 

 treatment. Thefe various forms of fpafra often follow one 

 another in fncceffiou in the fame cafe, and mark the progrefs 

 of tlie difeafe through its different flages. Thus the trifmuSj 

 or locked jaw, is only a part or prelude of opifthotonos and 

 tetanus ; and though it may prove fat:J at this early period, 

 the imperfeft form in which the fymptoms of a difeafe, 

 \\hich has been thus arretted in its courfe, may appear, is by 

 no means fufficient to eftablifli a generic difference in the dif- 

 eafe itfelf. There appears, however, to be fome foundation 

 for a divifion of cafes, according to their duration, into the 

 acute and the protrafted : the former being very little under 

 the controul of medicine, and in almoft every inftante fatal ; 

 the latter being milder in its charafter, and often yielding, 

 if proper means are employed for its fubjugation. 



Another ground of dillinftion among the different cafes of 

 this formidable diforder, is derived from the nature of the 

 caufes fi-om which they have originated. Tlie m.oft ufual 

 caufes are certain mechanical injuries to the body, more efpe- 

 cially fuch as are attended with a punfture or laceration of 

 a nerve : on other occafions, it may be the cffeft of the fud- 

 den application of cold, when the body has been previoufly 

 overheated : and, in a few inftances, it has appeared to arife 

 fpontaneoufly ; that is, when it could not be traced to any 

 external exciting caufe whatever. Tetanus arifing from 

 wounds is, in general, flower in its progrefs than that which 

 proceeds from cold ; but is attended with more danger tu 

 life. 



On fome occafions the difeafe comes on fuddcnly, and with 

 great violence ; but more commonly the attack is gradual. 

 It is often eight or ten days, and fometimes much longer, 

 after the infliftion of a wound, before the firft fymptoms of 

 tetanus make their appearance : and this frequently happens 

 when the effefts of the injury on the part itfelf appear to 

 have fubfided ; when the wound has healed, and no pain or 

 uneafinefs has remained. Thofe cafes in wliich the difeafe 

 is more flow in its approach, afford the beft opportunity of 

 tracing the natural fucceffion of fymptoms : and the firfl 

 uneafy fenfation which is then obferved, is that of a flight 

 ftiffnefs in the back part of the neck and about the flioulders, 

 which, gradually increafing, impede the rotatory motions of 

 the head, and alio its flexion forwards : fo that the patient 

 cannot look downwards, or to either fide, without turning 

 his whole body. This uneafy feeling, being chiefly felt on 

 motion, very much refembles what occurs from rheuinatifm, 

 but it is accompanied with a fenfe of general laff.tudc and 

 debility. The rigidity now extends from the back of the 

 neck to the mufcles of the jaw, and of the root of the tongue, 

 io that both maftication and fwallowing become difficult 

 and painful ; and at length impoff.ble. The attempt at de- 

 glutition is attended with convulfive efforts ; efpecially when 

 liquids are endeavoured to be fwallowed. So great is the 

 diftrefs which accompanies thefe convulfions, that the patient 

 becomes very reluftant to renew the trials, and refufes all 

 nourifliment ; and it fometirae,s infpires him with even a dread 

 of the fight of water. 



As the difeafe advances, another fet of fymptoms appears, 



bringing 



