T E U 



tlicy were not aftually a tribe of tlic fame people ; and fet- 

 tled at no great dillance fronn them. (See Cl.MBiu.) They 

 are faid to have worfhippcd a divinity called Tbaut, who is 

 fuppoled to have been one of their aiiceftors deified. The 

 Teutones were known before the Cimbri, and uniting with 

 them, overran the territories that were fubjeft to the Romans ; 

 and it has been affirmed that they inhabited the banks of the 

 Codam Sinus, and the ifland called Coclania I nfu la, whence they 

 afTumed the appellation of " Codani." Pytheas of Mai'- 

 feilles, according to Pliny, is the firll author who mentions 

 the Teutones ; and Pomponius Mela fays, that their habita- 

 tions were near the gulf Codanus. It is vei-y probable that 

 they extended themfclves throirgh the country tliat bordered 

 on the Baltic fea ; and that from thence they engaged in 

 many warlike emigrations ; tranfporting themfelves with their 

 arms and baggage, their wives and children, through other 

 countries which they pillaged. It was in the year of Rome 

 640 that they firft became known to the Romans ; having 

 advanced fouth of the Danube to the country called Noricum, 

 where they were encountered by the conful C. Papirius 

 Curfor, who obftrufted their paffage towards the borders of 

 Italy. They then proceeded towards Gaul, and made their 

 ingrefs among the Helvetians. Having arrived in Gallia 

 Narbonnenfis, the Cimbri were there defeated by the conful 

 Aurelius j but the Teutones made an attempt to invade 

 Italy by the Weftern Alps. They were, however, refilled 

 by Marius, and in a defperate engagement, in which the 

 latter proved viftorious, the Teutones left upon the field an 

 almoft incredible number of flain ; which, including the 

 Gauls who had fallen in a combat which took place fomc 

 days before, amounted, according to hiftorians that have not 

 been chargeable with exaggeration, to ioo,000 perfons. 

 Marius alfo defeated the Cimbri in Italy. 



TEUTONIC, fomething belonging to the Teutones, an 

 ancient people of Germany, inhabiting chiefly along the 

 coaft of the German ocean. See Gothic. 



Teutonic La:\guage, is the ancient language of Ger- 

 many, which is ranked among the mother-tongues. 



The Teutonic is now called the German, or Dutch, and 

 is diftinguilhed into uj>per and hiuer. 



The upp'r has two notable dialefts ; viz. i. The Scan- 

 dian, Danifh, or perhaps Gothic ; to which belong the lan- 

 guages fpoken in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland. 

 2. The Saxon, to which belong the feveral languages 

 of the Englifh, Scots, Frifian, and thofe on the north of 

 the Elbe. 



To the loiuer belong the Low Dutch, Flemifh, &c. 

 fpoken through the Netherlands, &c. 



The learned Mr. Whitaker has lately, in his Hiftory 

 of Manchefter, controverted the opinion of thofe who af- 

 firm the Englilh language to be genuine and unmixed Ten- 

 tonic, and afferted it to be of Celtic origin. Mr. Drake, 

 in his Effay on the Origin of the Englilh Language, Ar- 

 chiol. vol. 5. has endeavoured to fupport the former opi- 

 nion, by comparing part of Ulphila's Gothic verfion of the 

 gofpel of St. John, executed above 1400 years ago, with 

 the fame in our prefent tranflation, and evincing the ftriking 

 aifinity between the two languages ; notwithftanding the dif- 

 ferent mediums through which they have defcended, and the 

 many ages that have elapfed fince they have been feparated. 

 Every circumftance, he obferves, that conftitutes the true 

 genius of a language, is vifibly derived to the Englilli from the 

 Goths and Saxons. The article?, flexure of the genitive 

 cafe, prepofitions and auxiliary verbs, are all abfolutely Teu- 

 tonic. The Englifh, he fays, is clearly the natural defcend- 

 i-nt of the Gothic or Teutonic ; and he challenges the deepeft 

 enquirer into the Celtic to produce fo decifive a proof of 



■I" 1-: u 



any affinity of that tougue with our;;. The Britilh, he 

 adds, has little or no refemblance to the Englifli. Many of 

 their terms may have gained adniinion among us, as, from 

 the vicinity and long intercourle we have had with that 

 people, may ncccflarily be imagined, but their idioms and 

 genius arc as radically and eflcntially diflfcrcnt as any two 

 languages can poflibly be. 



Teutonic; Order, a military religious order of knights, 

 eftabliflicd towards the clofe of the twi-lfth century ; and 

 thus called, becaufe it confided principally of Germans, or 

 Teutones. 



The origin, &c. of this order were thus: the Chrif- 

 tians, under Guy of I^ufignan, laying fiege to Acre, or 

 Aeon, a city of Syria, on the borders of the Holy Land ; 

 at which fiege were prefent, Richard king of England, 

 Phihp Auguftus of France, &c. fome Germans of Bre- 

 men and Lub^c, touched with compafTion for the fick 

 and wounded of the army, who wanted common iiecef- 

 faries, fet on foot a kind of hofpital under a tent, which 

 they made of a (hip's fail ; and here betook themfelves to 

 a charitable attendance on them. 



This ftarted a thought (about the year 1 190) of efta- 

 blifhing a third military order, in imitation of the Tem- 

 plars, and the Hofpitaltrs. 



The defign was approved by the patriarch of Jerufalcm, 

 the archbilhops and bifliops of the neighbouring places, 

 the king of Jerufalem, the mafters of the Temple and 

 the Hofpital, and the German lords and prelates then in 

 the Holy Land ; and, by common confent, Frederic duke 

 of Suabia, who was then at their head, fent ambafladors 

 to his brother Henry, king of the Romans, to folicit the 

 pope to confirm the new order. 



Calixtus III. who then governed the church, granted it 

 by a bull of the 23d of February, 1192, and the new 

 order was called " The Order of Teutonic Knights of the 

 Houfe of St. Mary of Jerufalem." 



The habit of this order was a white mantle, with a black 

 crofs. 



The pope granted them all the privileges of the Tem- 

 plars, and the Hofpitalers of St. John ; excepting that 

 they were to be fubjcft to the patriarchs, ;md other pre- 

 lates ; and that they fhould pay tithe of what they 

 pofTefied. 



The firft mafter of the Teutonic order, Henry Walpot, 

 clefted during the time of the fiege of Acre, after the 

 taking of that city, purchafed a garden, in which he built 

 a church, and an hofpital, which was the firft houfe of 

 the Teutonic order. 



Such is the account given by Peter of Duift)Ourg, aprieft 

 of this order. 



Jaques de Vitty differs a little from t^iis account ; and 

 relates, that the Teutonic order was eftabhfhcd at Jerufalem 

 before the city of Acre was befieged. 



The order made no great progrefs under the three firft 

 grand-mafters ; but under the fourth, Herman de Salza, 

 it became very powerful ; infomuch that Conradc, duke 

 of Mazovia and Cujavia, about the year 12^0, fent an' 

 embaffy to him, to folicit his friendfhip and affiftance, 

 offering him and his order the provinces of Cuhne and 

 Livonia, with all the lands they could recover from the 

 idolatrous Pruffians, who haraffed him exceedingly with 

 their continual incurfions, and againft whom he intended 

 this new militia ; his own knights of the order of Chrift, 

 or of Dobrin, inftituted for the like purpofe, being found 

 too weak. 



De Salza accepted the donation, and Gregory IX. con- 

 firmed it ; and, to aid the knights m reducing the Pruf- 



3 I 2 fians, 



