T E U 



ilans, Innocent IV. publilhcd a croifado. With this 

 help, in a year's time, tiiey fubdutd the provinces of 

 Warmia, Natangia, and Barthia ; the inh ibitants of which 

 renounced the worfhip of idols ; and, in tlie courfe of fifty 

 years more, they reduced all Pruffia, Livonia, Samo- 

 gitia, and Pomerania, &c. 



In 1204, duke Albert had founded the order of Sword- 

 bearers, Port-daives, which now becan\e united to the 

 Teutonic kniglits, and the union was approved by pope 

 Gregory JX. 



The order, thus mafters of all PrufTia, built the cities of 

 Elbing, Maricnburg, Thorn, Dantzick, Koningfberg, 

 and fome others: the emperor Frederic II. permitted 

 them to add to the arms of their order, the imperial 

 eagle ; and St. Louis, in 1 250, allowed them to quarter 

 the fleur-de-lis. 



After the city of Acre had been recovered by the infi- 

 dels, the grand-mafter of the Teutonic order removed his 

 feat from that city to Marienburg. As the order grew in 

 power, the knights took more ftate on them ; and at 

 length, inflead of friars, brothers, as at firft, would be 

 called lorjj. And though the grand-mafter Conrade 

 Zolncra, of Rotenilcine, oppofed this innovation, his 

 fuccelTor Conrade Wallerod not only approved it, but 

 even procured himft-lf to be treated with honours only 

 rendered to the greateft princes. 



Divifions being got into the order, the kings of Poland 

 made their advantage of them : the Pruffians revolted to 

 them : and after feveral wars between the knights and the 

 Poles, the former yielded to king Cafimir the Upper Pruf- 

 fia, and did homage to him for the Lower. 



At the time of the Reformation, Albert, marquis of 

 Brandenburg, then grand-mafter, becoming a Lutheran, 

 renounced the dignity of grand-mafter, difiblved the com- 

 manderics, and drove the knights out of Pruffia. 



Moft of the knights followed his example, and embraced 

 the reformation : the reft transferred the feat of their 

 order to Margentheim, or Mariendahl, in Franconia, 

 which they ftill retain. 



They there elcfted Walter of Cromberg their grand- 

 mafter, formed a procefs againft Albert, and the emperor 

 put him to the ban of the empire. The order, how- 

 ever, could never recover their domains ; and are now 

 little more than the fhadow of what they formerly were, 

 having only three or four commanderies, icarcely fufficient 

 for the ordinary fubfiftence of the grand-mafter and his 

 knights. 



The officers of the Teutonic order, when in its fplendor, 

 were the grand-mafter, who refided at Mai-ienburg : un- 

 der him were the grand-commander ; the grand-marftial, 

 who had his refidence at Koningftjerg ; the grand-hofpi- 

 taler, who refided at Elbing ; the draper, who took 

 care to furnifh the habits ; the treafurer, who lived at 

 the court of tlie grand-mafter ; and feveral commanders, 

 as thofe of Thorne, Cuhne, Brandenburg, Koninglberg, 

 Elbing, &c. 



They had alfo their commanders of particular caftles and 

 fortreffijs; advocates, provcditors, intendants of mills, 

 provifions. Sec. 



Waiftl'hus, in his Annals, fays they had twenty-eight 

 commanders of cities, forty-fix of caftles, eighty-one 

 hofpitalers, thirty-five maftors of convents, forty ftcw- 

 ards, thirty-feven proveditors, ninety-three mafters of 

 mills, feven hundred brothers or knights to take the 

 field, one hundred and fixty-two brothers of the choir, 

 or pricfts, and fix thoufand two hundred fervitors or 

 domeftics. 



TEW 



TEUTSCH Leipsh, in Geography, a town of Hungary 

 5 miles E. of Rofenberg. 



Teutsch Pron, a town of Hungary; 10 miles N.W. 

 of Kremnitz. 



TEUTSCHDORF, a town of Hungary; 5 miles 

 N.W. of Cafchau. 



TEUTSDORF, a town of Pruffia, in the province of 

 Oberland ; 10 miles E.N.E. of Holland. 



TEUVRENT, a town of Africa ; 145 miles E.N.E. 

 of Fez. 



TEUW, a fmall ifland in the Eaft Indian fea. S.lat. 

 7° 11'. E. long. 129° 20'. 



TEUXUNTA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Sicily, 

 which had been built by Micythus, king of Rhegium and 

 Zancle, according to Diodorus Siculus. 



TEWANTAPAGUE, in Gw^raz-^v, a town of Mexico, 

 in the province of Guaxaca ; 135 miles E.S.E. of Guaxaca. 



TEWKESBURY, anciently Teodechejberte, a large 

 and refpcftable borough and market-town, in the lower 

 divifion of the hundred of the fame name, in Gloucefter- 

 ffiire, England, is fituated in the vale of Eveiham, on the 

 eaftern banks of the Avon, near its confluence with the 

 Severn, at the diftance of 8 miles N.N.E. from Gloucefter, 

 and 104 miles W.N.W. from London. This town was 

 rendered famous in hiftorv, from a battle fought near 

 it, between the Yorkifts and Lancaftrians, wherein Ed- 

 ward IV. gave a total overthrow to Henry VI. Three 

 thoufand of the Lancaftrians were reported to have been 

 ilain in the field, and queen Margaret, with many others, 

 was taken prifoner. The feveral circumftances which oc- 

 curred during the engagement, and the events fubfequent to 

 the victory, are very fully related in the hiftories of England. 

 Tewkefbury was again the fcene of another aftion in the 

 civil wars of Charles I. It was at different periods in 

 pofleffion of both parties ; and the final capture of it by 

 the parliamentary forces was of great confoquence as a 

 frontier town, fecuring that fide of the county, and com- 

 manding great part of Worcefterftiire. 



Tewkeft)ury was firft incorporated by charter in the 1 7th 

 of Elizabeth, under the title of " baihffs, burgoftes, and com- 

 munity of the borough of Tewkcftiury." Other charters 

 were granted by James I. and James II. ; the latter, in the 

 fecond year of his reign, re-incorpoi-ated them by the 

 name of " mayor, aldermen, and common council ;" but this 

 charter was not afted upon : and the government of the 

 town, as a corporation, was dormant till 13 William III. 

 when the prefent charter was obtained, under which the 

 town is governed by twenty -four principal burgelTes, vs'ho, 

 with twenty-four affiftants, aft independent of the magif- 

 trates of the county. From thefe are annually elefted two 

 bailiffs and four juftices, who, with the recorder, form the 

 magiftracy of the corporation. The privilege of fending 

 members to parliament was firft obtained 7 James I. The 

 right of elefticn is in the freemen and freeholders within 

 the borough : the latter of whom have a vote generally for 

 the county. The number of voters amount to about 500, 

 and the bailiff's are the returning officers. The principal 

 manufafture for the employment of the inhabitants is 

 ftocking-frame work knitting, particularly cotton. This 

 fupplies work for the Houfe of Induftry, which is a 

 modern building, well adapted for the purpofe of reniler- 

 ing the poor cleanly, moral, and induftrious. The mar- 

 kets, which were eftabliftied as early as the Conqueft, are 

 held on Wednefday and Saturday : and here ai-e feven 

 annual fairs. The town-hall, which is a handfome edifice, 

 was erefted by fir William Codrington in 1788, at an 

 expence of 1200/. The ground-floor is appropriated for 



holding 



