T H A 



J" 11 A 



vvm;>i,. Rolziui, ill his Olf. Bot. fafc. 6. 30. feci.. 52, 

 juiHy indicates the identity of Jacquiu's T. atropurpureum 

 and the Liiimaii aquilegifolium, confcfiiiig ho could not 

 decide concerning the aquilegifalimr. of Jacquin. We have a 

 wild Swifs fpecimen of tlie latter, Haller's n. 1141, pre- 

 cifeiy anfwerinjr to the plate in Fl. Aitjlrka, and certainly 

 not differing in any eflential charafter from the true plant 

 of Linnasus, fo frequently cultivated for ornament, and 

 prefervedin his herbarium. 



20. T. coiitortum. Twifted-feeded Meadow-rue. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 770. Am. Acad. v. 4. 47. Willd. n. 20. Ait. 

 II. 18. — " Fruit pendulous, triangular, contorted. Stem 

 rather two-edged." — Native of Siberia. Linna;us thought 

 it a hybrid offspring of aquilegifolium impregnated by the 

 minus. His fpecimen is not to be diftinguifhed from the 

 former, and we cannot but agree with Willdenow's remark, 

 that the contortion of the feeds is merely a fign of imper- 

 feftioii. Neither can any more fohd depcndance be had on 

 the comparative number of the parts of fructification, on 

 t he white colour of the flowers, or the humbler Itature of 

 the herbage. We conclude this fuppofed fpecies therefore 

 to be fcarcely even a variety of the lall. 



21. T. pelaloiJeum. Daurian Meadow-rue. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 771. Willd. n. 21. Ait. n. 19. (T. ftamineum ; 

 Linn. Suppl. 271.) — Leaflets rounded, obtufe ; partly three- 

 lobed. Stem nearly leaflefs. Panicle fomevvhat umbellate. 



Stamens much dilated, linear -obovate. Germens feilile 



Native of Siberia. Mr. Loddiges is faid to have intro- 

 duced this curious and very diilmtl fpecies to the know- 

 ledge of our cultivators, in 1799. It has a perennial root, 

 with long, fimple, r.itlicr flefliy fibres. Stem fimple, about 

 a foot high, ftriated, purple at the bottom, leaflefs, except 

 an occafional leaf, accompanying a fmall lateral branch. 

 Radical leaves two, fpreading, thrice compound, on pur- 

 plifli fl:alks ; leaflets very much like Common Rue, but 

 fmaller. Flowers white, large but not numerous, in a fort 

 of corymb, or imperfcft umbel, accompanied by a few fmall 

 leaflets. Petals roundifh, deciduous. Stamens very nume- 

 rous, white, flat, and fmgularly dilated, with a mid-rib ; 

 their anthers yellow, narrow and fliort. Germens ovate, 

 ribbed, with awl-(hapcd recurved [iigmas. Willdcnow 

 makes T. flamiiuum a variety, little fuppofing that the very 

 identical Ipecimens, fo minutely and accurately defcribed in 

 the Species Plantarum, could be again defcribed, without a 

 reference, in the Supplementum. 



We have to exclude T. japonicum, Thunb. Tr. of Linn. 

 Soc. V. 2. 337. Willd. n. 22, a fpecimen from Thunberg 

 himfelf proving it to be no other than Coptis afplenifoiui of 

 Mr. Sahlbury, Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 8. 306, a circumfl;ance 

 as wonderful as that its difcoverer fhould ever have thought 

 this plant fimilar to a Salvia. See Fl. Jap. 364. 



7". ranunculinum, Willd. Enum. Hort. i3erol. 585. Purfh 

 n. 6, having iimple leaves, and being not noticed as a Tha- 

 liclrum by Muhlenberg himfelf, who is quoted for it, is, we 

 prclume, belt omitted here ; as well as T. concinnum, Willd. 

 Enum. 584, Vv'hich is probably comprehended under fome 

 of the foregoing fpecies. 



TiiALlCTHUM, in Gardeuiiig, contains plants of the hardy, 

 herbaceous, fibrous-rooted, perennial kinds, among the 

 number of which the fpecies inoftly cultivated are ; the 

 tuberous-rooted meadow-rue (T. tuberofum); the Cana- 

 dian meadow-rue (T. cornuti) ; the fetid meadow-rue (T. 

 foetidum) ; the narrow-leaved meadow-rue (T. angufli- 

 folium) ; the fliining-leaved meadow-rue (T. lucid\mi); 

 and the columbine-leaved meadow-rue, or feathered colum- 

 bine (T. aquilegifolium). 



In the fecond fort there is a variety, which is fmaller, 

 wjth pale purple filaments, than the common kind. 



.\lio in the (ixtli fort there are varieties with a green llalk 

 and white llamens, and with a purple Italk and llamens. 

 Bcfides, there are other forts that may be cultivated for 

 variety. 



Method of Culture. — All the forts are readily increafed 

 by parting the roots, and plariting them out in the autunu: 

 when the ftems decay, or in the fpring before the new- 

 ones are fet forth, the ftrongell where tiiey are to remain, 

 and the weaker ones in nurfery-rows for further growth : 

 they may alfo be railed from feeds, which rtiould be fown in 

 a bed or border in the fpring : when the plants rife, they 

 Itiould be kept clean, and be planted out where they are to 

 remain, in the following autumn. Tliey are all hardy 

 durable plants that fucceed and grow well in any common 

 foil and expolure in the open ground, but which flourifti 

 moll in moill Ihady fituations. They afford variety in the 

 borders, and other parts of ornamented grounds, when fel 

 out in a properly varied manner, requiring but little trouble 

 or attention in fuch fituations. 



THALINA, in ylncient Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 the Greater Armenia, upon the banks of the Euphrates. 

 Ptol. 



THALLABA, Talaban, a town of Aha, in Mefo- 

 potamia, upon the banks of the river Chaboras, fituated 

 E.S.E. of Refa:ina. 

 THALLAND, In Geography. See Dalia. 

 THALLITE, in Mineralogy; Epidote, Haiiy ; Delphi- 

 nite, Saullure ; Shorl -vert du Dauphiny, Romfe de Lifle ; 

 Acanticene, Dendrada ; Piflacit, Werner. Few minerals 

 have received fo many names as this : it is at prefent better 

 known by the name of epidote or thallite. It has frequently 

 been confounded with aflinolite or ftrahlftein, and with 

 green hornblende and green afbeftus. Some account of 

 this mineral is given under Pistacite. We fliall here add its 

 diftinAive charafters and conflituent parts. From aftino- 

 lite it may be diftinguiflied by the colour, the latter being 

 generally a lighter green. The ftrufture of the maffive 

 varieties of aftinolite is generally radiated, that of epidote 

 compaft or foliated. Both the joints of aftinolite are dif- 

 tinftly feen ; but in epidote, frequently one joint only is feen. 

 Epidote melts into a blackifh fcoria before the blowpipe, 

 and is harder than aflinohte or hornblende ; the latter 

 has generally a different (hade of green : the frafture of 

 hornblende is alfo lefs vitreous than that of epidote. Green 

 albeftus is foft when pounded ; the powder of epidote is 

 harfh and rough. Thallite or epidote occurs both maffive 

 and cryftallized. The joints are in two direftions, one of 

 which is more obvious than the other. The alternate angles 

 are about 114^° and 655°; the crofs frafture is fplintery. 

 The primitive form or the cryflal is a prifm with rhom- 

 boidal bales. The moft common forms are fix or eight - 

 fided prifms, of which four are larger than the others. 

 Thcfe prifms are terminated by feveral oblique planes, 

 and are often flatly acuminated : the terminating planes of 

 the cryftals are fmooth, and have a high natural polifii ; 

 they are fometimes convex. The lateral planes, or fides of 

 the cryfl;als, are ftriated. This mineral is found in beds and 

 veins, and fometimes as a conflituent part of rocks. It is 

 affociatcd with augitc, garnet, hornblende, quartz, calca- 

 reous fpar, and magnetic iron-ftonc. The varieties that 

 occur in veins are of a lighter colour, and the cryftals are 

 more acicular than thofe which are found in beds. The 

 veins contain felfpar, axinite, rock-cryftal, chlorite, and 

 other minerals ; the epidote forming only a fmall part of 

 the fubftance of the vein. It is found in feveral parts of 

 the Scotch Hebrides, and in various alpine diflrifts, in 

 fienite, porphyry, and granitic rocks. The fined cryftals 

 have been procured at Arundel in Norway. The con- 

 flituent 



