T H A 



cacli fidi.-, and a lliin, brown, membranous double wing at 

 each margin. . 



2. T\\. fathla. Stinking' Deadly Carrot. Linn.bp. 

 PL 375. WiUd. n. 2. Ait. n. 2. (Th. vulgaris; Gcr. 

 Em. 103 1. Th. vulgaris, cai-otx effigie ; Lob. Ic. 780. 

 Morif. fed. 9. t. 1 8. f. 7.)— Leaflets many-cleft, acute ; 

 contr.icted at the bafc.— Native of Spain, as well as ot 

 Zante and Cyprus. Gcrarde liad this plant in his garden, 

 and it is ftill, like the foregoing, to be feen in curious 

 botanical coik-dions, though not very commonly. It differs 

 from tlie villufa in having more finely, acutely, and deeply 

 divided laiflds, which are wedge-fliaped, not dilated at the 

 bafe. The iize of the whole plant is fmallcr, and the Jem 

 more branched. . 



3. Til. ylj'chpitim. Fine-leaved Deadly Carrot. Lmn. 

 Sp. PI. 375. Willd. n. 3. Sm. Fl. Grace. Sibtli. t. 286, 

 unpubl. (Th. apula, foliis millefoUi ; Morif. feft. 9. t. 18. 

 f. 9. Panax Afclepium Diofcoridis et aliorum, gummi- 

 ferum; Column. Etphr. p. i. 87. t. 86.)— Leaves digitate; 

 leaflets doubly pinnate, in many briftle-fhaped fegments — 

 Native of the fouth of Italy, and of the Levant ; unknown 

 in our gardens. Dr. Sibthorp met with this plant in 

 Greece, Rhodes, and near Conftantinople. The root is 

 tapering, perennial, brown, gummy, crowned witli briftly 

 fibres. Stem folitary, ereft, a yard high, flightly branched, 

 round, fmooth, the thieknefs of a goofe-quill, almoil defti- 

 tute of foliage, except about the bottom. Leaves on long 

 ftalks, of five principal unequal leaflets, radiating from the 

 bafe, which are doubly, or almoft triply, pinnate, their iraall 

 lea/lets being divided very deeply into fine acute fegments, 

 one-eighth of an inch long, fmooth, and of a bright green. 

 Flotuers yellow, in fpreading long-ftalked umbels. Petals 

 dilated at the bafe, fo as to be, from the inflexion of tlie 

 point, almofl; lieart-fliaped. Seeds with broad, linear, obtufe 

 wngs. 



4. T. garganka. Garganian, or rather Greek, Deadly- 

 Carrot. Linn. Mant. 57. Willd. n. 4. Ait. n. 3. Gouan. 

 Illullr. 18. t. 10. Sm. Fl. Graec. Sibth. t. 287, unpubl. 

 (Th. thaliari folio ; Magn. Monfp. 287. t. 286. Th. five 

 Turbith garganicum, femine latiffimo ; Bauh. Hift. v. 3. 

 p. 2. 50.) — Leaves radiato-pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinna- 

 tifid, with hnear decurrent fegments. Native of Barbary, 

 the fouth of Italy, and the Levant. Dr. Sibthorp finding 

 it very common throughout Greece, and the neighbouring 

 iflands, juilly concluded this fpecies to be the true Sa4.ia 

 of Diofcorides, with whofe defcription it agrees better than 

 any of the reft.. It is a ftately perennial plant, whofe 

 feeds were probably obtained from the gai-den of Mont- 

 pellier, by our Britifti cultivators, towards the year 1680. 

 The firm round leafy _/?fm, as well as the fheathing bafes 

 of the footjlalhs, and the ripening yj^i/j, are tinged with a 

 fine glaucous purple. Leaves large, deep green ; fmooth 

 above ; glaucous, and fometimes hairy, below ; their feg- 

 ments near an inch long, linear, entire. Common footjialks 

 long, round, fometimes very hair)-. Umbels very large, yel- 

 low. Petals lanceolate, involute. Fruit an inch long, with 

 broad, Ihining, brown wings ; its fides finely ribbed. 



For Th. trifoliata, Linn. Sp. PI. 376, fee Smyrnium 

 n. 6, cor datum. 



Th. polygama, Desfont. Atlant. v. i. 261. t. 75. Mart. 

 Mill. Dia. n. 6, found on the fea-coaft of Barbary, can- 

 not belong to this genus, having a general, as well as 

 partial, involucrum, and abortive central Jloiuers. It 

 fhould fecm to be a L.vserpitium. See that article. 



THAPSIS, in Ancient Geography, a river of Scythia, 

 in the environs of the Palus Msotides, according to Dio- 

 dorus Sicuius. 



T H A 



THAPSOS, in the Materia Medlca of the Ancients, 3 

 name given to a kind of wood of a pale yellow colour, ufed 

 of old in dyeing of linen and woollen cloths. The Greek 

 Thapfos fignifies a pale dead yellow colour, and is appli- 

 cable either to the fubftance, or the juice or tinfture of 

 all thefe. 



The people of Crete at this time ufe the lycium-wood in 

 dyeing a yellow colour, and it is probable that the thapfos 

 was this very tree. Diofcorides tells us, that the wood 

 of this tree was alfo ufed in his time to tinge the hair 

 yellow, which was a favourite colour with the Greeks. 

 The lycium is of a colour fomewhat deeper than our 

 box-wood, and parts with its ilain fo eafily, that it feems 

 very proper for fiich a purpofe. 



THAPSUM, among the old Roman Writers, a common 

 name for the verbafcum, or mullein ; but as there were 

 many other plants, very different in their nature, yet 

 whofe names refembled this ; fuch as the ihapfia, or deadly 

 carrot, and the thapfum or gemjlella tlnSorla ; it was foon 

 found necefTary to add fome other name, and it was then 

 called thapfum barbatum, or harbajfum. 



The reafon of the geniftella being called thapfum, was, 

 that its flowers were yellow, and were ufed to colour tlie 

 ladies' hair ; that being the favourite colour of thofe days. 

 The flowers of mullein are yellow, and feem more fit for 

 the colouring of the hair than thofe of the geniftella % 

 their colour being more eafily feparated, and continuing 

 on fo well, that the glovers of many parts of England ufe 

 them in the feafon for colouring their yellow gloves. 



It is probable, that the ladies of old ufed this, as well 

 as the geniftella, for this purpofe : and it might hence ob- 

 tain tlie common name thapfum. The other part of its 

 diftinftion, barbatum, feems owing to the leaves being fo 

 coloured with a woolly down that they look bearded. 

 And when this word is written barbajfum, it may proba- 

 bly be given as the name of fome of thofe fpecies of 

 mullein which are not hairy, as our black or fage-leaved 

 mullein, and be a corruption of the word verbafcum. 

 This black mullein has no lefs title tlian the white or 

 bearded kind to the name thapfum ; its flowers being of 

 a yet finer yellow than thofe of that kind, and being as 

 fit for tlie ufe of ftaining. The glovers in fome places ufe 

 this fpecies for their leather-gloves. 



THAPSUS, Dema.ss, in Ancient Geography, a maritime 

 town of Africa, upon a tongue of low land, S. of the 

 Leflfer Leptis. The place abounds with ruins. 



Thapsus, or Tapfus, in Botany, fee Verbascuim. This 

 name feems to have originated with Gerarde, who gives no 

 explanation, nor do we find any authority for the opinion 

 of De Theis, that it alludes to the ifle of Thapfos, as the 

 native country of the plant. Such indeed is the acknow- 

 ledged derivation of Thap.sia, fee that article ; with which 

 this Verbafcum, a $Xo;uoc of the Greeks, has no relationfliip 

 ^■hatever. 



THAR, in Ancient Geography, a town of Arabia Felix, 

 belonging to the people called Themi. 



THARAND, in Geography, a town of Germany, in 

 the circle of Upper Saxony, and circle of Erzgeburg ; 

 10 miles E.N.E. of Freyburg. 



THARE, in Ancient Geography, a place of the en- 

 campment of the Ifraelites, whence they went to Methea. 

 (Numb, xxxiii. 27.) Thare, fituated in Arabia Deferta, 

 was the 24th ftation of the Ifraelites. 



THARELA, a town of Paleftine, in the tribe of Ben- 

 jamin. 



THARGELIA, Saf^sXia, in Antiquity, an Athenian 



feftival in honour of the fun, and his attendants, the 



12 Hours : 



