T H E 



T H E 



rcprefenting the (hields of a Lichen. Tlic margin foon be- 

 comes elevated and indexed, efpecially by drought or cold, 

 and difplays the blackifh under fide, which ought to be the 

 upper. 



Th. cruenta. Blood-red Thelephora Perf. n.^4. — 

 " Smooth, coriaceous, tuberculated, blood-red." — An ele- 

 gant fpecies, found on the branches of trees, and communi- 

 cated by Ludwig from Mifnia. Pcrfoon. 



Th. ftinguinfii. Gory Thelephora. Perf. n. 25. (Tre- 

 mella cruenta ; Engl. Bot. t. 1800.) — " Widely fproading 

 on the ground, fomewhat gelatinous, blood-coloured, 

 fmooth." — "This Angular fpecies," fays Perfoon, "grows 

 in the llreets of towns, about the walls of houfes, looking 

 at a diftance like blood poured on the ground. By drying 

 it becomes paler. Is it not rather to be referred to the 

 order of jUga?" In this laft fuggeftion we readily concur. 

 The whole is truly an expanded niafs of minute, uniform, 

 gelatinous, pellucid granulations, with nothing of a coria- 

 ceous or fungous texture, nor any other charafter of the 

 prafent genus. 



Th. hydnouka. Awl-bearing Thelephora. Perf. n. 28. 

 Albert, and Schwein. Niflc. 279. (Corticium hydnoideum ; 

 Perf. Obf. Mycol. v. i. 15.) — Spreading, concealed, orange- 

 yellow, bearing awl-(haped elongated prominences This 



fpreads under the feparated cuticle of decayed dry branches 

 of beech, which it fometimes totally encircles, extending to 

 the length of four or fix inches. Its great peculiarity confifts 

 in the awl-diaped proje<Jtions, thrown out from its furlace, 

 to the height of two or three lines, which cither penetrate, 

 or force off, the fuperjacent cuticle of the tree, and, except 

 in their great irregularity of fize and figure, referable the 

 prickles of a Hydnum. 



Th. umbr'ma. Umber-brown Thelephora. Perf. n. 36. 

 Albert, and Schxvein. Ni/k. 281. — Spreading on the 

 ground, foft, of an umber brown ; the margin whitifli and 



rather downy Found on the ground, in a fandy foil, 



fpreading to the extent of two or three niches, and not of a 

 very thin fubftance. Perfoon fpeaks of it as very rare, 

 hut the obferving authors of the Fungi Ni/iienfis find it not 

 ^infrequently, in Auguft and the following months, in fhady 

 fandy places. 



Th. cie/ia. Grey Ground Thelephora. Perf. n. 40. 

 (Corticium caefium ; Obf Mycol. v. I. 15. t. 3 f. 6.) — 

 Orbicular, on the ground, nearly fmooth, of a greyifh 

 alh-colour. — Not unfrequent in autumn, on the bare ground, 

 from one and a half to three inches broad, with a white, 

 Sbrous, rounded, fcoUoped edge. The grey farface is 

 befprinkled with minute powdery fads, regularly difpofed 

 in fpots, four together. Perfoon. 



Th. laSea. Milk-white Fir Thelephora. Perf. n. 45. — 

 " Nearly orbicular, of a livid white ; fomewhat fleihy in the 

 middle ; fibrous at the margin." — Rarely found on the 

 bark of the Spruce Fir. The furface is fmooth. The 

 colour becomes paler bv drying. Perfoon. 



Albertini and Schweiniz defcribe feveral more fpecies of 

 this genus, to which every thing of a membranous texture, 

 and fungous afpeft, feems to be referred by authors. Some 

 fuch may poSibly be imperfeft vegetable produdlions, whofe 

 growth, when completed, might prove them of a different 

 nature. When their fmooth furface difcharges powdery 

 feeds, they are to be confidered as perfeft fpecies of 

 Thelephora. 



THELIGONUM. .See Thelyconum. 



THELMENISSUS, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Afia, in Syria, on au immenfe plain on the E. of the 

 Orontes, N. of Apamea, and S.W. of Chalcis. 



THELONIUM, Telonium, fignifies toll. 



Among the Romans, telonium denoted a cuflom-houlc, or 

 place where the toll was coUefted. 



Thklonio, Breve ejfendi quieli de, a writ lying for 

 the citizens of a city, or burgeffes of a town, that have a 

 charter or prefcription to free them from toll, againil the 

 officers of any town or market, who would conflrain them 

 to pay it, contrary to the faid grant or prefcription. 



Thklonio ralionaliili hahenao pro Jominis habentilus Jomi- 

 nica regis ad firmnm, a writ lying for him that hath of tJie 

 king's demefne in fee-farm to recover reafonable toll of the 

 king's tenants there, if his demefne hath been accuRomed to 

 be tolled. 



THELOTREMA, in Botany, from 0«Xr, a nipple, aiid 

 r^ri^a, an orifice, in allufion to the pierced protuberances of 

 the cruft ; a genus of the order of Lichen s, inftitutcd by 

 Acharius, in his Melhodus, 130. The original type of thii 

 genus is Lichen pertufus of Linnaeus, which is reduced, by 

 the writer of the prefent article, to Endocaki'ON, (fee 

 that article,) in Prodr Fl. Grac- v. 2. 304. The reft of 

 the fuppofed fpecies may perhaps be in like manner dif- 

 pofed of, or referred to Urceohiria. 



THELPIISA, in Jncienl Geography. See ThALPUSA. 



THELSEA. See Thai.sea. 



THELYGONUM, in Botany, a mmc of very whimfical 

 derivation, concerning which LinHa;us has fallen into an 

 error, like profeflbr Martyn and M. De Theis, who have 

 both of them been lefs penetrating than ufual in their en- 

 quiries. They all deduce it from fl/Au , female, and yam, a 

 joint, or inee ; and the laft of them fuppofes the original 

 plant, which was our Mercurialis, (fee that articlei) to 

 have been called Q-nXv.ovov, becaufe its fwelled joints refembled 

 the knees of a. woman. This we modeftly prefume to be a 

 very unauthorized comparifon ; and Pliny, from whom the 

 name is borrowed, leads us to a lefs injurious, if not a wifer, 

 folution His fapient pages atfure us that Arfeiiogonon 

 (ap3-i;«t)>ovov, or K|jf»»o7f.vo») was taken to procure male chil- 

 dren, its fruit refembling a part of the male organs ; while 

 Thelygonon, which, though otherwife the fame, bore no fuclv 

 fruit, was fuppofed to caufe the produftion of females. 

 The word therefore is compofed of GnXt/ , and v-yo-r, genera- 

 tion, or offspring, Jv^'-"', a leaf, being underflood, a confirm- 

 ation of which may be found under the 6th fpecies of our 

 article Mercurialis, above-mentioned. If we may be 

 allowed to play further upon this word, we fhould remark 

 that Its own generation is truly anile. Yet hence arofe 

 Bauhin's Mercurialis te/liculata. Jive mas, and fpicata, fire 

 famina; appellations perverfely beftowed on the two fexes 

 of our Mercurialis annua, as well as of perennis. How 

 Linnasus came to transfer Thelygonum to the genus which 

 now bears it, can no otherwife be accounted for, than from 

 the fuppofed affinity of the plants to each other, and both 

 having borne the name of Cynocrambe, or Dog's Cabbage ; 

 a name retained by Gsertner, after Tournefort, and hable 

 to no objeftion, except being compofed of one already efta- 

 blifhed, which doubtlefs caufed Linnaeus to rejed it. The 

 iinaginary affinity juft alluded to has apparently itamped a 

 poifonous charafter on the herb before us, which, confider- 

 ing its natural order, is probably undeferved. — Linn. Gen. 

 494. Schreb. 644. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 420. Mart. 

 Mill. Ditl. V. 4. ' Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 285.' Sm. Prodr. 

 Fl. Gra:c. Sibth. v. 2. 237. Juff. 405. Lamarck llluftr. 

 t. 777. (Cynocrambe; Tourn. t. 4S5. Gaertn. t. 75.) — 

 Clafs and order, Monoecia Polyandria. Nat. Ord. Scairidu; 

 Linn. Urlicic, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. Perianth of one leaf, turbinate, 

 coloured, cloven half way down into two revolute fegments. 

 Cor. none. Stam. Filaments numerous, from fix to twelve 



or 



