T II E 



but 

 De- 



• three 



tears leaves, flowers, and fruit all the year througJi ; 

 tlie ufual feafons for gatiicriiig the Iruit are June aiid 

 cember : in two years from the feed, the tree is abov. 

 feet hiffh, and foreads its branches, not more than hve ot 

 which are fulfered to remain. Before its third year is com- 

 plete, it niews for fruit ; a tree yields from two to three 

 pounds of feed annuaUy. Such Uecs are of courfe Tery 



produftive. r , , 3 r 



Mithodof CwAun-.— Itisincreafedby feed obtained from 

 abroad, fowing it as foon after its arrival as poflible, in pots 

 idled witli liglit eartli, and plunging them m a bark-bed, 

 where they will foon come up ; and when the plants are 

 about three inches high, potting them off feparately, and 

 replunging them in the bark-bed in the ftove, managing 

 them as other woody exotics of the Hove kind afterwards. 

 Tliey afford an agreeable variety in ftove collections. 



Tliis tree is cultivated to confiderablc extent, and with 

 very great attention in its native fituations in the hot parts of 

 America, for the fake of its fruit, the kernels of which are 

 much ufed in the making of chocolate there, as well as in 

 this country. In this intention, they are firft brought to a 

 pulverixable ftate by drying or roafting in a proper appara- 

 ratus ; they are then reduced into a fine powder by mills or 

 other contrivances : after which, this fine powder is wrought 

 up into a pafte with orange-water, milk, and other liquids 



THE 



abolilhed the royalty, and declared Jupiter the only king of 

 the people at Athens. 



THEOCRITUS, in Biography, a Greek poet, efteemed 

 as the model of paftoral poetry, was a native of Syracufe, 

 and the fon of Praxagoras and Philina. The tinw in which 

 he flourifhed is afcertained by two of his poems, one ad- 

 dreffed to Hiero, king of Syracufe, who begau liis reign 

 about the year B.C. 265, and the other to Ptolemy Phi- 

 iadelphus, whofe reign comprehended the interval be- 

 tween 281 and 246 B.C. Although Hiero is reported 

 to hare been a patron of literature, perfons of rank, 

 as we may infer from. Theocritu^'s poem, did not f^>l- 

 low his example, at leafl in granting encouragement to 

 poets ; and therefore Theocritus left Sicily, and vifited 

 the court of Ptolemy Philadelphus at Alexandria, on 

 whom he pronounces a fplendid eulogy. The compofitions 

 of this poet are denominated " Idylls ;" they are written in 

 the Doric or ruftic dialeft, and few of them are paftorals, 

 thouj^h moil of them relate to rural life and manners. The 

 purely paftoral are diftinguiilied by the truth and fimplicity 

 of the manners, defcending fometimes even to coarfenefs, 

 and the pleafing defcription of natural objedls, drawn from 

 the life. To thofe who have a tafte for genuine fimplicity, 

 and the beauties of nature, fays one of his biographers, the 

 poetry of Theocritus is highly agreeable. The moil 



cho, Lugd. Bat. 8vo. 1779-, Suidas. VolTius. 

 Biog. 



THEODOLITE, or Theodolet, is an inftrument 

 ufed for meafuiing horizontal and vertical angles in land- 

 fuxveying. This mftrument was at firft made on a fmall 

 portable fcale, fupported by a tripod that will fhut up into 

 the form of a walkiug-ftick, when tlie inechanifm of brafs- 

 work is difmounted : and the ftate of dividing circles is 

 now brought to that perfeftion in England, that fmall po!"- 

 table theodolites are ftill in ufe among land-furveyors, who 

 confine themfclves to the planning of fingle eftates, for 

 which thefe inftruments are competent ; but for furveys on 

 a large fcale, fuch as county furveys, or trigonometrical 

 raeafureraent of diftant ftations, theodolites of an enlarged 

 conftru&ion have been ufed with correiponding advantage. 

 Out of the numerous modifications of this inftrument, that 

 different artifts have contrived, we propofe to leleft two 

 for particular defcription, which are generally confidered 

 as the beft for accurate furveys ; one by Ramfden, and the 

 other by Troughton. We will begin with that large in- 

 fl:rument already referred to in a former article, which was 

 made by Ramfden, in the year 1777, for the ufe of general 

 Roy, when he undertook his grand trigonometrical opera- 

 tions, and which is defcribed in the 80th vol. of the Phi- 

 lofophical Tranfaftions of London (1790), with all the 

 conftituent parts given feparate in four large plates. A 

 Cmilar inftrument, by the fame maker, has fince been 

 ufed for the grand general furvey of the different coun- 

 ties, by MeiTrs. Mud^e and Dalby. Plate VIU. fg. i. 

 of Surveying, ftiews the perfpeilive view of this mafter- 

 piece of workmanthip, nearly as reprefented in geoe- 

 ral Roy's third plate ; but his account, having reference 

 to the feveral plates, will not anfwer our purpofe. The 

 ftand on which the inftrument is placed for ufe, is a foxir- 

 legged mahogany ftool ABC, braced as fecn in the figure, 

 with an oftagonal top perforated at the centre by a hole 

 of nine inches diameter. This ftool or ftand, when ufed, 

 while the fons of Codrus were difputing the fucceiCon, the has its feet fcrewed faft to the tops of four piles driven into 

 Athenians, wearied out with the miferieB of an intcftine war, the ground, and nicely levelled, befoje the inftrument is 



plajccd 



exportation and fale in the European and other markets, if 

 prepared in the places of its native growth. 



It is employed fomewhat in the manner of coffee as a fine 

 rich breakfaft article of diet, and ufed pretty extenfively for 

 that purpofe in this and fome other countries. 



THEOCATAGNOSTiE, formed from ©eo?, Ged, 

 and xMTayim(rKw, I judge, or condemn, a feft of heretics, or 

 rather of blafpheraers, who prefumed to find fault with cer- 

 tain words and aftions of God, and to blame many things 

 in the Scriptures. 



Marftial, in hit Tables, places thefe heretics in the feventh 

 centmy ; for what reafon we know not. Damafcenus is 

 the only author that mentions them, but without taking any 

 notice of the time of their appearance. 



THEOCRACY, formed from @io; God, and xjaxo;, 

 pov-'er, empire, a ftate governed by the immediate direftion 

 of God alone. 



According to Jofephus, the ancient government of the 

 Jews was theocratic ; God himfelf ordering and directing 

 every thing belonging to the fovereign authority. 



By the oracle of Jehovah himfelf, all laws were enadled, 

 war was proclaimed, and magiftrates were appointed ; in 

 which three particulars the Jumma potejlas, or fovereign au- 

 thority, of any ftate, confifts. And as Jehovah was the 

 king, as well as the God of Ifrael, the priefts and Levites, 

 who were the ftated attendants on his prefence, and to whom 

 the execution of the law in many cafes was committed, were 

 properly minifters of ftate and of civil government, as well 

 as of rehgion. The facrifices alfo, befide their religious 

 ufe, were intended for the fupport of the ftate, and civil 

 government. 



This theocracy lafted till the time of Saul ; when the 

 Ifraelites, weary of it, dcfired they might have a king 

 like other nations ; and theace forward the ftate became 

 monarchic. 



There was alfo a kind of imaginary theocracy at Athens 



