THE 



THE 



count of thf fircumftancosto wtiich wrficrc rcfrr, fee thear- 

 iklt Bor.Tiiius. Thcodoric, at the clofc of life, reflefted 

 wnbout doubt with rcmorfc and felf-reproach on liis conduft 

 to\¥ard8 Boethius and Sfmmachus. It is faid that, whilil he 

 w ai fittinff at table, he perceived the gaping head of a large 

 fiih, whicli was ferved up before him, and at the fight ex- 

 ilaimcd, that he beheld the angry and menacing countenance 

 vf Symmachus. Then probably did that fever commence, 

 which being attended with a dyfentery, terminated his life 

 within three days, Augiift, A.D. 526, in the -jid year of 

 his age, and the 34th of his reign, dating its commencement 

 with the death of Odoacer. His dominions were divided by 

 his teftament between his two grandfons, Araalaric and Atha- 

 naric, aflSgning the Rhone as their boundary ; and the guar- 

 dianftiip of the latter, who was king of Italy, was entrufted 

 with his daughter Amalafuntha. He erefted to his memory 

 a. fpleiidid monument in a confpicuous fituation above the 

 ci:y of Ravenna. Anc. Un. Hift. Gibbon's Rom. Hift. 

 Gen. Biog. 



Theodoric, or Thierry ofNkm, an ecclefiriftiral writer, 

 Wiis born at Paderborn, and ferved Gregoiy XI. Urban VII. 

 and feveral fucceeding popes, as under-fecretary. The time 

 ir. whicli he lived may be inferred from his " Hillory of the 

 Schifm of the Popes," written between the years 1400 and 

 1410 ; in which work he fays that he had lived near thirty years 

 at the court of Rome, and that being then worn down with age, 

 it was his intention to withdraw from public bufinefs. Tnis 

 work, compofed in Latin, comprifed, in three books, the 

 interval from the death of Gregory XI. to the eleftion of 

 Alexander V. Another work relating to the fame fubjeft 

 was entitled " Nemus Unionis." In 141 2 he publiihed a 

 " Treatife on the Rights and Privileges of the Emperors in 

 the Inveftiture of Bidiops and Abbots." He alfo wrote 

 a journal of the proceedings of the council of Conftance, 

 ending in June 1416, in which year he died. From his own 

 obfervation, he exhibits a (hocking pifture of the court of 

 Rome, and the clergy of tliat period. Dupin. Moreri. 



THEODOROPOLIS, in Ancient Geography, a town 

 of Mosfia, founded by the emperor Juftinian, who called it 

 a/ter the name of his wife. 



THEODORUS, in Biography, a Cyrenaic philofopher, 

 was a difciple of Aaicerris, and for fpeaking freely concern- 

 ing the gods, he was ftigmatifed with the appellation of 

 Atheiit, and banifhed from Cyrene. At Athens, where he 

 lought refuge, he was protected by Demetrius Phalereus, 

 and gained accefs to the court of Ptolemy Lagis. After- 

 wards, upon his return to Athens, he is faid to have fuffered 

 death by hemlock ; but it has been difputed whether atheifm, 

 or contempt of the Grecian fuperttitions, was the caufe of 

 his death. He is joined by Sextus Empiricus with Eume- 

 rus, and others, who maintained, that thofe who were 

 efteemed gods, were men who had poffefled great power on 

 earth ; and Clemens Alexandrinus exprefies his furprife, that 

 Eumerus, Nicanor, Diagoras, Theodoras, and others, who 

 had lived virtuoufly, fhould be pronounced atheiils from 

 their oppofition to gentile polytheifm. Briicker by Enfield, 

 vol. i. 



Theodorus, an Athenian flute-maker, the father of 

 Ilocrates the orator. How great the demand was at 

 this time for flutes at Athens, may be conceived from a 

 circumftance mentioned by Plutarch in his hfe of the orator. 

 His father, fays he, acquired wealth fufficient by his bufi- 

 nefs, not only to educate his children in a liberal manner, but 

 alfo te bear one of the heaviefl: public burdens to which an 

 Athenian citizen was liable ; that of furnifhing a choir or 

 chorus for his tribe, or ward, at feilivals and religious cere- 

 monies. See IsMBNiAs. 



THEODOSIA, in Ancient Geography, a town fituated 

 on the S.E. coaft of the Tauric Cherfoncfus. See Caffa. 

 — Alfo, a town of Afia, in the Greater Armenia. 



THEODOSIOPOLIS, a town of Afia, in the Greater 

 Armenia, on the frontiers of Perfarmenia. — Alfo, a town of 

 Afia, in Mefopotamia, upon the river Chaborras. 



THEODOSIUSI. furnamed the Great, in Biography, 0. 

 Roman emperor, was the fon of an eminent general of the 

 fame name, who was executed for trcafon at Carthage in the 

 year 376. He was bom about the year 346, as fome fay, 

 at Caucha, in Gallicia, or according to others, at Italica, near 

 Seville. His education was liberal, and he learned the art 

 of war by ferving under his father, both in Britain and in 

 Africa. The death of his father put a temporary Hop to 

 his military career, and he retired to Spain for the improve- 

 ment of his mind and the cultiu-e of his paternal eftate. 

 He was in this fituation when the emperor Valens was 

 killed in battle, and the empire was left in great danger. 

 Thus circumfl;anced, the other emperor, Gratian, fent for 

 Theodofius, and in January, A.D. 379, declared him his 

 partner in the empire. To him was committed the care of 

 Thrace and the eallern provinces, threatened at this time by 

 numerous bands of barbarians. The refult of his campaign 

 was, that fome of the Goths fubmitted to his authority, 

 and the refl; evacuated Thrace. Having been baptized ia 

 the fecond year of his reign, in confequence of a dangerous 

 difeafe, he became a zealous advocate for the orthodoxy of 

 the church, and was^much applauded by the Catholics. 

 He iflued an edift, enjoining the fubjecls of his government 

 to adhere ftedfaftly to the rehgion taught by St. Peter, 

 which aflerts the fole deity of the Father, the Son, and the 

 Holy Ghoft, under an equal majefty and a pious Trinity ; 

 and to aflunie the title of Catholic Chrlilians, all other 

 perfons who did not embrace this dodlrine being branded as 

 infamous heretics, and their churches being declared conven- 

 ticles. It alio announces, that befides the condemnation of 

 divine juftice, thefe perfons mufl expedl the fevere penalties 

 which his authority, guided by heavenly wifdom, Ihall think 

 proper to infliiil upon them. This declaration, fo incompa- 

 tible with the geriuine fpirit of the religion and the pro- 

 feffion in which he had been initiated, was followed by corre- 

 fpondent deeds. When he entered Conftantinople, after 

 the campaign of 380, his firll aft was to remove the patri- 

 arch Demophilus, and to offer him the alternative of fub- 

 fcribing the Nicene creed, or refigning all his dignities to the 

 orthodox party. The patriarch nobly chofe the latter alter- 

 native, and withdrew into exile. Soon after he iffued a 

 decree for expelUng from their churches all the clergy who 

 refufed to accept the Nicene creed, and he appointed a mi- 

 litary force for the execution of it. By thefe meafures the 

 emperor fucceeded, without tumult or bloodflied, in eftablifh- 

 ing, through the provinces of the Eaft, the Catholic faith 

 upon the ruins of Arianifm. So alliduous was the emperor 

 in this exercife of his zeal, that he is faid to have promul- 

 gated, in fifteen years, at leafl fifteen penal edifts againfl 

 heretics, fome of which denounced capital punifhment : and 

 it is moreover afferted, that the office of iiiquifitors of the 

 faith was firfl intlituted in his reign. It has been affirmed, 

 however, that he chiefly meant intimidation, and that the 

 threatened penalties were feldom carried into effeft. 



The military ardour of this emperor feems to have been 

 exercifed with greater prudence than his rehgious zeal. In 

 order to liberate the provinces from the barbarians, he con- 

 trived to weaken their flrength by fomenting divifions 

 among their chiefs, .ind he conciliated others by his gene- 

 rofity : fo that about four years after the death of Valens, 

 he figned a capitulation with the whole nation of the Goths ; 



and 



