THE 



country. They liave never on any occafion killed ftorks, 

 and the fame punifiiment was inflifted on a perlon who 

 killed one of thcfc birds as if lie had taken away the life of 

 a man. This R\v, it is faid, was founded on the circum- 

 ftance, tliat ftorks had freed Theffaly from the enormous 

 ferpents which formerly infefted it. 



THESSALICUMSedilk, the ThefTaliancliair.fo called 

 from Theffaly, where chairs of this fignre were moft in ufe : 

 it is recommended by Hippocrates, Lib. de Art. in place of 

 a machine for reducing a recent luxation of the fhouldcr- 

 bone. The back of this chair is perpendicular to the feat, 

 as Galen tells us, by which conllruftion it is diftinguiflied, 

 and accommodated to the operation. 



THESSALIOTIS. See Thessalia. 



THESSALON, in Geography, a river of Canada, which 

 runs into lake Huron, N. lat. 49" 6'. W. long. 82° 8'. 



THESSALONIANS, Epijlles to, m Scripture Hijlory. 

 See Episti-e. 



THESSALONICA, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Macedonia, fituated on the Thermaic gulf; and built on 

 the declivity of a mountain in the form of an amphitheatre, 

 the fummit of which was defended by a caftle of great ex- 

 tent. Strabo fays that it was named " Therma," and that 

 it was only a village ; that CafTander augmented it confider- 

 ably, and tranfported hither the inhabitants of fome neigh- 

 bouring cities, and gave it the name of Theffalonica, that 

 of his wife, the lifter of Alexander the Great. In the year 

 168 B.C., Macedonia was divided into four parts, and 

 Theffalonica was the capital of the fecond part. Its go- 

 vernment was regulated by magiftrates, called " Political." 

 Under the Greek empire it continued to be governed by a 

 fenate. Cicero, during his exile, paffed fome time at Thef- 

 falonica. This city had feveral divinities, and alfo empe- 

 rors, who were objefts of pubhc worftiip. Jupiter was the 

 principal ; Apollo was alfo reprefented on its monuments ; 

 and the Cabiri had a temple in Theffalonica. The Cabirian 

 and Pyrrhic games were exhibited in this city in honour of 

 the Cabiri, and the Olympic games were celebrated in ho- 

 nour of Jupiter. That rich and powerful city had, for its 

 fpeftacles and the amufement of the citizens, an amphithea- 

 tre for the combats of gladiators, and a circus for the pub- 

 lic games. The emperors Valerian and GaUienus gave it 

 the title of a colony. It had alfo the title of Neocorus, 

 The modern name of Theffalonica is Salonica or Salonihi. 

 (which fee.) Although there are different rou-tes by which 

 goods are tranfported from Macedonia into the Auftrian 

 dominions, the beft, fays Dr. Holland in his Travels into 

 Albania, &c. is through Bulgaria, by Widin and Offovo, 

 where it enters the Auftrian territory, and is thence conti- 

 nued through the Bannat by Temefwar, Peft, Raab to 

 Vienna. The goods landed at Salonica are made up in 

 packages of i^ hundred weight, and two of thefe are the 

 load of a horfe. The cavalcades for this inland journey 

 confift often of 200 or 300, and fometimes of 1000 horfes. 

 The property fo tranfported, at a moderate eftimate, 

 might be worth 30,000/. on its arrival in Germany. The 

 time occupied between Salonica and Vienna was in general 

 thirty -five days, excluiive of the quarantine at Offovo, which 

 fometimes took place. The cavalcades ufually travel eight 

 hours in the twenty-four. 



THESSALY, or Janna, in Geography, a province of 

 European Turkey, bounded on the N. by Macedonia, on 

 the E. by the Archipelago, on the S. by Livadia, and on 

 the W. by Livadia and Epire, anciently called TheJJ'alia, 

 Pelafgia, and Pyrrhdia, (fee Thessalia,) and now by the 

 Turks Janna. It was fometimes annexed to Macedonia, 

 a;nd fometimes feparated from it. The celebrated mount 



Vol. XXXV. 



THE 



Piiulus, now Meffova, or Meffo Novo, feparated it froni 

 Epirus, or a part of the prefent Albania. Amongft its 

 once celebrated twenty-four mountains, the moft remark- 

 able are Olympus, Pelion, and Offa. Here are alfo fitn- 

 ated the plains of Pharfalia, and the delightful valley of 

 Tempc. The country is extremely fertile, and retains its 

 ancient charaftcr m this refpeft. It produces oranges, ci- 

 trons, lemons, pomegranates, very fweet grapes, excellent 

 figs and melons, almonds, olives, cotton, and chofnnts, 

 which take their name from Caltanea in Magncfia. The 

 modern Theflalians are a well-made fpirited people. The 

 moft remarkable places in the country are Lariffa and 

 Janna. See Tkes-salia. 



THESTIA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Epirus, in 

 Acarnania — Alfo, a river of the Peloponnefus, in La- 

 coma. 



THESTIDION, a town of Greece, in Theffaly. 



THESTIS, a town which belonged to the Arabs. 



Alfo, a town of Africa, in Libya — ,Alfo, a fountain of 

 Africa, in the Cyrenaica, near Irafa. 



THETA, e, among the Ancients, one of the Greek 

 letters. It was ufed as a mark on the ballots of judges, 

 by which they condemned the perfon to death, it being 

 the firft letter of the word 0a;vxTo?, death. Whence it had 

 the epithet of niger aud infelix, thus : 



" O raultum ante alias infelix litera theta." 



THETES, 0>iT!f, in Antiquity, the loweft clafs of peo- 

 ple at Athens. Ariftides repealed Solon's law by which 

 the thetes were made incapable of bearing any olBce in the 

 government. 



THETFORD, in Geography, an ancient borough and 

 market-town, partly in the hundred of Shropham, and 

 county of Norfolk, and partly in the hundred of Lackford, 

 in the connty of Suffolk, England, is fituated at the diftance 

 of 28 miles S.W. from Norwich, and 80 miles N.N.E. 

 from London. It was a place of confiderable confequenee 

 at an early period. 



Thetford, called in the Saxon Chronicle Theodford, has 

 an acknowledged claim of having been once the feat of the 

 Eaft Anglian kings. Being the metropoUs of that portion 

 of the heptarchy, it became fubjeft to the ravages of the 

 Danes, by whom it was repeatedly laid in afhes. From 

 numerous coins, it is evident that there was a mint at 

 Thetford from the time of Athelftan to the reign of king 

 John. At the eaftern extremity of the town are fome ex- 

 tenfive remains of fortifications, confifting of a large artifi- 

 cial mount, or keep, with lofty banks and deep ditches. 

 Thefe fortifications were probably firft formed by the early 

 kings of Eaft Angha, and the keep an addition, made fub- 

 fequent to the Norman conqueft. Eaft of the mount is a 

 large area, or place of arms, three hundred feet fqiiarc. 

 The mount is about one hundred feet in height, and nin^ 

 hundred and eighty-four feet in circumference, at the bafe. 

 The (lope is extremely fteep ; and yet no traces remain of 

 any path or fteps for the purpofe of carrying up machines 

 or weighty ammunition. 



In the Conqueror's time, Herfaft having removed the 

 epifcopal fee from North Elmham to Thetford, the latter 

 became the head of the Eaft Anglian diocefe ; but in the 

 fucceeding reign, the fee was transferred to Norwich. The 

 ruins of ecclefiaftical and other buildings ftrongly point out 

 the ancient fplendour of this town. At one period it is 

 faid to have had twenty churches, anfwerable to the number 

 of parifties, and eight monafteries, befides other rehgioni? 

 and charitable foundations. But of thefe, the names only of 

 fome remain ; and of others, a few dilapidated walls ferre 

 3X to 



