T H I 



T H I 



frcm SuXaxiov, a Ultli bag, alluding to the form of tlic calyx. 

 It ought rather therefore to have been Thylachinm. — Loureir. 

 Cochinch. 342. — Clafs and order, Polyandria Monogynla. 

 Nat. Ord. Cappar'tdes, JulT. 



Gen. Cli. Cal. Perianth inferior, oblong-turbinate, 

 ribbed, pointed, undivided, clofe, at length burlliiig all 

 round. Cor. none. Stain. Filaments numerous, about 

 feventy, awl-fhaped, long, eretl:, inferted into the recep- 

 tacle ; anthers oblong, upright. PiJ}. Germcn fuperior, 

 on a (lalk the length of the filaments, oblong, llriated ; 

 ttyle none ; iligma roundifti. Perk. Berry oblong, with 

 ten fides, of one cell. Seeds numerous, kidney -fliaped, im- 

 bedded in pulp. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx of one leaf, oblong, burfling all round. 

 Corolla none. Berry ftalked, vi'ith ten angles, one cell, and 

 many feeds. 



I. Th. afrlcanum. African Pouch-flower. — Obferved by 

 Loureiro on the eaftern coaft of Africa, near Mozambique, 

 where it ie calle-d by the Portuguefe Mangue'tro. The tree is 

 fmall, with fpreading branches. Leaves alternate, ftalked, 

 ovate, entire, fmooth. Stalls terminal, bearing feveral 

 fioiveis, whofe long Jlamens are of a faff^ron colour. The 

 author obferves that this genus approaches Capparls, in its 

 Jlamens and the ftalk of its berry, but differs widely in the 

 unufual form of the calyx, as well as the want of a corolla, 

 and the figure of \hsfeed-vejfel. De Theis thinks it allied 

 to Marcc.ravia, fee that article. As far as it is related 

 to Cnpparis, he is right ; but between the corolla of Marc- 

 gravia, and the calyx of ThUachlum, which he fcems to have 

 had in view, there can be no affinity ; any more than be- 

 tween the latter and the pouch in the outer calyx of 

 RuYSCHiA, which article the reader may likewife coiifult. 

 We mufl; be content to leave the matter as we find it, there 

 being great probability, confidering how little we know of 

 the botany of its native country, that the plant, and even 

 its genus, are entirely new to Europeans. 



THILAY, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Ardennes; 7 miles N.N.E. of 'Charleville. 

 THILCHATEL, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Cote d'Or ; 14 miles N. of Dijon. 



THILCO, or rather T'hilco, in Botany. See FusCJllA, 

 n. 9. 



THILL, in Rural Economy, the name of the framed 

 fhafts of carts and waggons, between which the horfe draws 

 and moves. The thills of thele kinds of carriages (liould 

 always, as much as poffible, be made of tough a(h-wood, 

 and light in proportion to the nature and ufes of them. 



THU.L-Norfe, the lall horfe in a team, or the horfe that 

 goes between the thills or fhafts ; which often fuftains much 

 undue weight and prefTure on the back, in confequence of 

 the load which is drawn. This is capable of being re- 

 lieved in various ways and by different contrivances, but the 

 two which are noticed below would feem to be the moft 

 fimple and eafy. It is well known to be almofl univer- 

 fally the praftice to hook or attach the lecond horfes, in 

 c.-irt or waggon teams, on at the end of the fhafts. The 

 confequence of which is obvioufly this : whenever the cart 

 or carriage afcends a hill, and the fore part of the team 

 comes to level ground, which not unfrequently happens, 

 while the thill-horfe or horfes are ftill on the declivity, from 

 their force being exerted in a right line to the ends of the 

 fhafts, all the powers of the whole of the leading horfes 

 muft, in fuch cafes, inevitably load and opprefs the thill- 

 horfe or horfes, when fo direfted, as they tend to deprefs 

 the fhafts, in their exertion to draw at the proper point of 

 draught ; th^it is, in the line with the axle. The thill-horfe 

 or horfes axe often feen, in fuch inllances, nearly borne 



down, where the afceiits are fleep, and the levels rather 

 fuddenly regained. The back, or backs, of fuch horfeS 

 become a fort of fulcrum, on which the ftrength of all the 

 preceding horfes afts as a kind of lever ; which, if fufiiciently 

 forcible, and the thill-horfe or horfes' backs were ftrong 

 enough to bear the prefTure, mult lift the carriage off the 

 ground, until it fliould come to a level with the line of their 

 pull. 



In order to remedy this great prefTure and inconvenience, 

 it is advifed that a looped iron, of about a foot in depth, in 

 the whole, be fafteiicd to the end of the fhaft ; nailing and 

 rivetting it firmly, by means of expanded flats. The looped 

 part will then reach about eight or nine inches under or be- 

 low the fliafts. Each trace is to be carried through thefe 

 loops inllead of hooking on there, and be failened at the 

 bottom of the Ihaft, near to where it hitches onto the frame 

 of tlie carriage. This will give play to the traces, and 

 wholly relieve the thill-horfe or horfes froir. the undue pref- 

 fure to which they are expofed. 



The principle here laid down is neceflary, whatever other 

 method may be had recourfe to in removing the incon- 

 venience. 



At Hinton-Houfe, in Berkfhire, S. NicoUs, efq. is faid 

 to effeft this in a fomewhat different manner, the aim of 

 which is the prevention of the draught of the trace-horfes 

 pulling down the thill-horfe or thiller, which is always found 

 to be the cafe, when they draw from a drail, as it is termed, 

 in the fore part of the fhaft, if the thill-horfe be taller than 

 the trace-horfes, or if the latter are going down a declivity, 

 before the former has pafTcd its fummit, as feen above. 



The preventive praftice or mode in this cafe is by infert- 

 ing a chain to the hinder part of the fhafts, which is alfo 

 attached, and confined in fome meafure, to the fore part of 

 the fhaft (where the drail is generally placed) by a piece of 

 chain, which allows it to move freely to a certain diftance 

 from the fhaft, in order that the draught may be conftantly 

 kept in a horizontal direftion. 



THILYPTERIS, in Botany, a term ufed by Dillenius 

 to exprefs the common female fern or brakes. 

 THIMA, in Geography. See TlMA. 

 THIMBLE, a cover for the finger, made of brafs, 

 fleel, or filver, and ufed by all people who few, as taylors, 

 milhners, &c. 



TlUMBLE, in Sea Language, an iron ring with a groove 

 round the outfide, to receive the rope it is fpliced into. 

 Thimbles are fpliced into the rigging and fails for blocks 

 to be hooked to, or ropes to reeve through where blocks 

 would appear too heavy. 



Thimble I/lands, in Geography, frhall iflands near the 

 coaft of Connefticut. N. lat. 41° il'. W. long. 72° 42'. 

 THIMBRIC-KEUY, a village of Aliatic Turkey, in 

 the province of Natolia, on the fcite of an ancient town 

 called " Thymbra," built by Dardanus, king of Phrygia. 

 Here are fome confiderable ruins, fuppofed of a temple of 

 Apollo. 



THIMDA, a town of Tunis ; 8 miles S.W. of Bizerta. 

 THIMIO, in the Materia Medica, a name ufed by fome 

 authors for a peculiar fort of lignum aloes, which is blackilh 

 and very heavy, and extremely fweet. 



THIN, a name given by the Arabian writers to earth of 

 any kind. 



Thus the bole armenic of Galen is called by Avicenna 

 thin Armeni ; and hence the word muthin, an adje-ftive figni- 

 fying earthy, or approaching to the nature of earth ; a term 

 applied to many medicines of this kind. 



THINA, in Botany, a name by which fome authors have 

 called the larix, or larch-tree. 



3 Y 2 THINGAU, 



