T H I 



Town, they (hould always bo thinned out to tJ.e diltance of 

 . foot and a half, two Ll or n.ore, us the fo.l may be of a 

 lefs or more rich quality. And lettuces, when put u. by 

 fowine. fhould be thinned to the d.ftance of from eight to 

 twelve inches, according to the nature of the foil. 



The thinning out of any other fortB of held-crops of theR- 

 kinds muH alfo be p.-rformed accordmg to their natures and 

 particular habits of growth. , „ , ■ , 



Some of tliefe forts of crops are beft thinned out in a 

 irradual manner, as the turnip, carrot, beet, &c. • while in 

 others it may be done all at once, as for the cabbage, and 

 fome othi-r kijids. „ ,- , 



There .ire feveral different methods praftifcd in accom- 

 plilhinff this bufinefs, as by means of the hand fimply, the 

 ufe of the hand-hoe of different fuitable fi/.es, accordmg to 

 the dates and circumllanccs of the crops, and lately in the 

 row kinds, bv an implement invented for the purpoie. 1 his 

 lail is bv much the cheapell and moft expeditious manner 

 of performing the work ; if it fliould be found, on further 

 trial, to be equally accur.ite and effectual in the execution ot 

 the bufuufs. This fort of tool or machinery was invented 

 and conftrucled on the fann of Charles Gibfon, efq. at 

 Quarmer Park, near Lancafter, and a reprefentation of it is 

 given in the Corrcftcd Agricultural Survey of that county, 

 lately pubhHied. See Thinning and Hoeing Machine for 

 Turnips, tffc. , • , ■ J 



The other modes of effeding and completing this kind 

 of work, are a great deal more troublefome, laborious, and 

 cxpenfive than the above, efpecially the firll of them, as 

 many hands and much time are required for doing it in the 

 moil proper .ind effeftual manner by fuch means. Where 

 the hand-hoe is employed, two or three different fized hoes 

 are moftiy made ufe of for the purpofe in the different fuc- 

 ceffive thinning Ivoeings, which, when in the hands of expe- 

 rienced workmen, do the bufinefs in a pretty quick, eafy, 

 and complete manner, as the fupernumerary plants are 

 flruckand cut out with much exaftnefs and regularity. It 

 is conftantly neceffary in fuch cafes to keep the hoes in a 

 pretty (harp (late, in order to perform the work well, and 

 with neatnefs. The principal obicftions to doing this fort 

 «f labour bv the hand, are its tedioufnefs, and the treading 

 wliich takes place during the operation. 



TitiNNlNG out Plants, in Gariitfning, the pulling or drawing 

 out fuch as are too clofe and thick in fome crops of the 

 t;eneral and other kinds, as well as in fome other cafes, fo as 

 that the remaining ones may (land at proper and fuitable 

 diftanccs for producing the moll favourable crops, plants, or 

 other productions. 'Fhis is mollly praftifed in the cafes of 

 the main crops of onion, carrots, parfnips, beets, fpinach, 

 and feveral other fiiiiilar kinds, which are fowu in the broad- 

 call manner ; in different fmall feed crops, for rai(ing plants 

 to be afterwards fet out, fuch, for inftance, as the cauli- 

 flower, brocoli, cabbage, borecole, lettuce, endive, and many 

 others ; and in the producing and bringing forward young 

 tree plants of moll forts in nurfery grounds and other 

 places. 



Onion crops are, far the mod part, thinned out at dif- 

 ferent times, as the demands of the markets, or in other 

 ways may be, fo as to leave the rem.aining plants at the dif- 

 tances of four or five inches or more from each other, ac- 

 cording to their nature, kinds, and other circumllances ; 

 always, however, allowing fufficient room for their full and 

 complete growths. Much advantage is often made in this 

 way by the young onions which are thinned out, which 

 would otherwife be loll and thrown away. 



The carrot, parfnip, and beet crops are commonly thinned 



T H I 



out at one or two thinnings, the (landing plants being left 

 at the didances of about (ix or eight inches apart, as the 

 nature of the foil and crops may be. The young plants of 

 the carrot kind, thus drawn, are in fome cafes bunched and 

 made ufe of, efpecially when the crops are late in being 

 thinned out, which (hould always be avoided as much as 

 poffible. 



Lettuce aiid fpinach crops may be thinned out at once to 

 the didances of fix, eight, or more inches between the 

 plants, in the different kinds, as the nature of them may be, 

 when put in upon the broad-cad plan. The thinnings are 

 of little ufe or value, except for wade purpofes, fuch as 

 being thrown to the hogs, &c. in thefe indances. Moil 

 other fimilar forts of crops may be thinned out in the fame 

 manner. 



The fmall feed crops of the different kinds (liould con- 

 dantly be kept fo thinned out as to prevent the plants of 

 them from being drawn up in a weak manner, and unfit for 

 being fet out ; as where the contrary i-s the cafe, there is 

 always great wade, and the plants feldom fucceed fo well. 

 They lliould be gradually thinned out by planting, as well 

 as in other ways. 



Young tree plants, in mod cafes, require frequently thin- 

 ning out in their early growths, in order to raife and bring 

 them forward in the bed and mod perfedl manner. They 

 ftiould therefore, in general, be fo kept thinned out as never 

 to want fufficient room for rifing in the manner which is the 

 mod natural and proper for them, and for preventing the in- 

 jury they may fudain by danding too clofe in the rows or 

 otherways. 



Due, early, and proper thinning out of crops and plants, 

 is of courfe a matter of confiderable importance and utility 

 in the garden culture of different forts of vegetables, trees, 

 and other produftions of the fame kinds. 



Thinning and Hoeing Machine for Turnips, that fort of 

 implement or machine which is contrived for the purpofe of 

 thinning or fetting out this as well as other limilar kinds of 

 crops that dand in rows. It is made light, and condruded 

 fomewhat in the form of the plough, having a fuitable ap- 

 paratus fo attached to it behind as to be put in motion, and 

 drike out the fupernumerary plants as the horfe proceeds 

 regularly along the intervals of the ridges. The horfe is 

 driven by the perfon who holds and direfts the tool while 

 at work. It is capable of going over a very confiderable 

 fpace of ground in a (hort time, and if found, on the refult 

 of further trials, to perform the work with due accuracy 

 and correftnefs, will be a very great acquifition to the drill 

 turnip hulbandry, and for different other purpofes of tjie 

 fame nature. 



THIONVILLE, in Geography, a town of France, and 

 principal place of a didrift, in the department of the Mo- 

 felle. The place contains 5014, and the canton 13,988 inha- 

 bitants, on a territory of 175 kiliometres, in 27 communes ; 

 formerly belonging to the duchy of Luxemburgh, and ceded 

 to France by the treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. N. lat. 

 49^21'. E. long. 6° 1 5'. 



THIORSAA, a large turbid river of Iceland, on the 

 road from Skalholt to mount Hetla, the courfe of which is 

 nearly from N.E. to S.W. In its paffage over rugged 

 maffes of lava rifing abruptly from its bed, this river dalhes 

 among the rocks, and forms impetuous rapids and falls. 



THIR, in Chronology, the name of the fifth month of the 

 Ethiopians, which correfponds, according to Ludolf, to the 

 month of J.inuary. 



THIRD, Tertil's. See Number and Numeration. 



TiiiuD, in Mufic. The 3d is the mod agreeable and 



neceffary 



