T H I 



Th'i-i i^ ccrtairly a remarkable inftance of fatnefs, but it 

 might probably depend more on tlie difpofition of the ani- 

 mJ to take on fat, than the fattening quahty of the thiftlc 

 or food on ^ellich tlie (hcep was fed. Many further trials 

 are nocefl;u-v to fully afcertain the point. 



Tms PLR, Bl'fftit, carjuui btnediaus, vel cnicus. See Cr.x- 



TAfllEA. 



As an article of the Malcria Medica, the bleiled thiltle, 

 which is tlie hair)' \rAi cnicus of Miller, and the centaurea 

 ifwHifla of Linnxus, was formerly much ufod in infufion, 

 as a gentle emetic, in fevers and certain naufeas. 



Dr. Lewis has often obfervcd excellent efFefts from a 

 light infufion of caiduus, in weaknefs of appetite and in- 

 digeftion, where the ftomach was injured by irregularities, 

 or opprclTed by vifcid phlegm ; nor has he found any one 

 medicine of the bitter kind to fit fo eafily on weak ftomachs, 

 or to heat fo little. Thefe infufions, taken freely, promote 

 the natural fecrctions. Drank warm in bed, they com- 

 monly increafe perfpiiation or excite fweat ; and as they 

 aft with great mildnefs, not heating or irritating confider- 

 ably, they have been ufed, in this intention, in acute as well 

 as chronical cafes. The feeds, which, as well as the leaves, 

 have a confiderably bitter tafte, have fometimes been ufed 

 as fudorifics or diaphoretics, in the form of an emulfion. 

 Cold water poured on the leaves, extrafts, in an hour or 

 two, a light grateful bitternefs ; by Handing long upon the 

 plant, the liquor becomes dlfagreeable : a ftrong decoftion 

 is very naufeous and.offenfive to tlie ftomach. The ex- 

 traSs, obtained by infpiffating both the cold infufion and 

 decoftion, have the fame differences as the liquors them- 

 felves. Redtified fpirit extrafts, in a (hort time, the light 

 bitter part of this plant, but does not take up the naufeous 

 near fo eafily as water. On keeping the watery extracts 

 for fome months, a confiderable quantity of fallne matter 

 was formed on the furface, in fmall cryftals, refembling in 

 Ihape thofe of nitre, in the tafte bitteri(h, with an imprcffion 

 of coolnefs. Lewis's Mat. Med. See Centaurea Bene- 

 diSa. 



Some diftil a water from it, which they ufe in cordial and 

 fudorific potions. 



Thistle, Carline. See Carlina. 



The root of the carl'ma acmilis of Linnaeus, is fuppofed 

 to be diaphoretic, antihyftcric, and anthelmintic. It has 

 been greatly cfteemed by fomc foreign phyCcians, in acute 

 malignant as well as in chronical difeafes, and given in fub- 

 ttance from a fcruple to a drachm, and in infufion from one 

 to two drachms and more. It is rarely to be met with in our 

 (liops. See Carlina Caulefcens. 



Thistle, Bijlaff. See Atractylis. 



The roots of the atra^ylis gummifcra of Linnaeus, or pine- 

 thiftle, which is a native of Italy and the ifland of Candy, 

 yield, if wounded when frefh, a vifcous milky juice, which 

 concretes into tenacious maffes, at firft whitifh and refembling 

 wax, but when much handled growing black ; fuppofed to 

 be the ixion, and acanthina majliche of the ancients. The 

 juice is faid to have been formerly chewed for the fame pur- 

 pofes as maftich, and the root itfelf of the fame virtue with 

 that of the carline thiftlc. Lewis. 



Thistle, Fijh, a fpecies of C<zr</aa.r ,- which fee. 



Thlstle, Fuller's. See Dipsacus and Teasel. 



Thistle, Gentle, a fpecies of Carduus ; which fee. 



Thistle, G/oie. SeeEcniNops. 



Thistle, Golden. See Sooly.mus. 



Thistle, Hedge-hog, a fpecies of Cadus ; which fee. 



Thistle, LadUs, or Milk, z fyecies of Carduus ; which 

 fee. 



Thistjle, Alelon. See Cactus. 



T H L 



Thistle, Sow. Sec Sonchus. 



Thistle, Doivny Sow. See Andryala. 



Thistle, Star. See Centaurea. 



Thistle, Torch. See Cactus. 



Thistle, Woolly. See Onopordum. 



TiilsTLE-C«!'^f/-, in uigrkulture, a tool of the fward-' 

 drefiing kind, for cutting up thiftlcs and other coarfe weeds 

 and plants. 



An elfeftive implement of this fort has lately been in- 

 vented, delineated, and defcribed by Mr, Amos, in his work 

 on " Agriculture and Planting." 



The plan of the whole machine, when complete, is that of 

 a fort of fquare, in which the leading fhare is made of caft- 

 fteel, in the form of an ifofceles triangle, whofe equal fides 

 are fourteen inches long, and its bafe twelve inches, being 

 about one-eighth of an inch thick in the middle, tapering 

 to a very fine edge on the outfides. There are four pieces 

 of a(h-wood, three inches fquare, and two feet four inches 

 long, to which the fcythes are fixed, and which are called th-; 

 fcythe-handles. There are alfo four fcythes, three feet lonr- 

 from point to point, four inches broad at the wideft part, 

 made of caft-fteel, and which, the inventor fays, are manu- 

 faflured by Meffi's. Hunt and Company, at their caft-fteel 

 manufaftory, Brades, Bdrmiiigham. There are likewife four 

 other pieces of afli-wood, three inches fquare and two feet 

 five inches long, for throwing the two hindmoft fcvthes to 

 their proper diftance, and which are braced two and two 

 together by four bars, which are one by two inches fquare, 

 and eighteen inches and one-fourth long. And there is a 

 main piece of afti-wood, three by four inches fquare, and 

 five and a half feet long, to which all the other pieces are 

 fixed by hooks, and eye-bolts, by means of which the fcythe- 

 handles aft as it were upon hinges, and the fcythes are 

 thereby made to form the fame parallel line with the furface 

 of the land, whether it be concave, convex, or level. For 

 this purpofc, it is fuggcfted that it might be ufeful to make 

 a joint in the middle of this piece, where the land is uneven. 

 And in the fore part of this piece a fawgate is to be made, 

 three-fourths of an inch from the under fide, at the hind 

 part of the (hare, and one inch from the under fide at the 

 front of the wood, which gives an elevation to the point of 

 the ftiare, to receive the {hare where it is fixed. 



There are four iron braces, one of the ends of which are 

 fixed in the fcythe-handles, and the other ends to the under 

 fides of the fcythes by a fcrevv. There is a ftaple, to which 

 the chain and fwinging-tree is fixed, and by which the ma- 

 chine is drawn. There are two mortife-holes on the fides, 

 which receive the tenons of two upright iluds, to which 

 pulhes are fixed for hfting the fcythes off' the ground, where 

 there is any thing to obttruft them or retard their progrefs. 

 Each of thefe ftuds is one and a half by four inches fquare, 

 and three feet long. Two fmall pullies are fixed on each 

 fide of thefe upright ftuds. Through the pullies of the 

 foremoft ftud, a fmall rope pafles (one end of which is fixed 

 to the outfides of the iron braces), and likewife through 

 the pullies of the hindmoft ftud, and then the two ropes 

 unite at about two or three feet behind the whole machine ; 

 and through the pullies of the hindmoft ftud pafs two other 

 fmall ropes (one end of each being fixed to the outfide of 

 the hindmoft iron braces), and then the fouri-opes unite to- 

 gether, where the manager holds them as a coachman does 

 the reins of four horfes. By means of thefe ropes the 

 fcythes may be hfted to any degree of elevation, by which 

 contrivance any unevcnnefs of the ground, or other obftruc- 

 tions on its furface, fuch as ftones, roots, ant-hills, &c. &c. 

 may be eafily avoided and pafted by. 



The fwinging-tree is thirty-three inches long, and the 



chain 



