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Turkey, in the province of Livadia, anciently called 

 ••'Tiicbcs," and the capital of Bocotia, fituated on a rifing 

 around between two Inull rivers, fuppofod to be the If- 

 menus and Dirce of the ancients. (See 1 iiEBiE.) The 

 town is of an oval form, about three miles in circumference, 

 and the lioufes are higher and better built than is ufual in 

 mod parts of Ga-ece. It contains four or five thoufand in- 

 habitants, about half Turks and lialf Chnftians, which lat- 

 ter have feveral churches, not remarkable for any thing ex- 

 cept fome few infcriptions to be fcen upon the pavement of 

 the cathedral. The air of the country about Thebes is thick 

 and foggy, whence the ancient inhabitants of Bceotia were 

 accounted dull and phlegmatic, and were neither famous for 

 their wit nor valour. ( See Bceotia. ) Epaminondas raifed 

 Thebes to its higheft pitch of grandeur ; after whofe death 

 it was not remarkable for its virtues, but misfortunes, till it 

 funk into its original obfcurity ; fo that its glory took birth 

 with this great man, and with him expired ; 28 miles 

 W.N.W. of Athens. N. lat. 38' 25'. E. long. 23° 34'. 



THIVIERS, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Dordogne ; 7 miles N.W. of Exideuil. 



THIULETIS-TSKALI, a river of Georgia, which 

 runs into the Kur. 



THIZY, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Rhone and Loire ; 27 miles N.W. of Lyons. 



THLASIAS, a term ufed by the ancients to exprefs an 

 eunuch made by a compreflion or contufion of the tefticles, 

 not by the cutting them out. 



THLASIS, a word ufed by the ancients to exprefs either 

 a contufion without a wound, or a wound made by fome 

 blunt inilrument, which contufed the parts. 



THLASMA, a word fometimes ufed hke thlafis, to ex- 

 prefs a contufion either with or without a wound ; fome- 

 times applied particularly to a recefs of the cranium inward 

 without a fratiure, an accident principally att'eitling children. 

 THLASPEOS Semen, in the Materia Medico, the name 

 of a feed produced by the common thlafpi arvenfe Jiliqiiis 

 lalis, or common treacle-muftard. It ufed to be an ingre- 

 dient in feveral of our (hop compofitions, and was efteemed 

 attenuating, deterfive, and aperient, and is faid to promote 

 urine and the menfes, and to expel the after-birth. 



THLASPI, \a Botany, Gxao-xi, an ancient name, which 

 Diofcorides tells us, in his book 2. chap. 186, originated in 

 the broken, or ponnded, appearance of the feed, alluding, 

 we fuppofe, to its fmalluefs. The word therefore is derived 

 from &A51U, to hruife, or bsat. He compares this feed to 

 that of hia it.^^%y.'.i, our Lepidium fativum, or Garden Crefs, 

 adding that the feed-veffel is moderately dilated upwards, 

 the flower white, and the plant found about paths, walls, 

 and banks. Every other part of his defcription, refpefting 

 the leaves and ftems, is fo appofite, that no doubt can re- 

 main of his dx-xTrn being our Shepherd's Purfe, which Dr. 

 Sibthorp found common in Greece and the Archipelago, in 

 the early fpring. Linnxus might furely have fpared his 

 mark of uncertainty concerning the etymology of the above 

 name, in Phil. Bot. 183. But as he tranflates fiXaii by the 

 Latin word comprimo, to comprefs, he, moft likely, had in 

 view the Th. ar-uenfe, which feveral old writers have taken 

 for the plant of Diofcorides, and whofe feed-veffel is very 

 remarkably compreffed. — Linn. Gen. 334. Schreb. 437. 

 WiUd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 442. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 4. Sm. 

 Fl. Bnt. 683. Compend. cd. 2. 98. Prodr. Fl. Grsc. 

 Sibth. V. 2. 7. Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 4. 80. Juff. 

 241. Lamarck Illuftr. t. 557. Gaertn. t. 141.— Clafs and 

 order, Tetradynamia Siliculofa. Nat. Ord. Siliguofe, Linn. 

 Cruci/ertt, .Tuff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of four ovate, concave, 



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fomewhat fpreading, deciduous leaves. Cor. cruciform, 

 equal, of four obovate petals, twice the length of the calyx, 

 with narrow claws. Stam. Filaments fix, but half the length 

 of the corolla, the two oppofitc ones ftill fiiorter ; anthers 

 pointed. Pijl. Germen fuperior, roundifh, compreffed, 

 emarginate ; ftyle fimple, the length of the ftamens ; ftigma 

 obtufe. Peric. Pouch compreffed, inverfely heart-fhaped, 

 emarginate, the ftyle being mollly the length of the notch 

 in which it ftands, of two cells, the partition lanceolate, and 

 the valves boat-like, with more or lefs of a dilated keel. 

 Seeds /everal in each cell, pendulous, inferted into the fu- 

 tures, roundifii, compreffed. 



Eff. Ch. Pouch compreffed, emarginate, inverfely heart- 

 (haped ; its valves boat -like, keeled. Seeds feveral. 



Obf. Mr. Brown has very happily feparated fVom this 

 genus the Linnsean Th. campejire. That fpecies, on account 

 of its folitary feeds, properly belongs to Lepidium, to which 

 genus it, as well as Th. hirtum, is removed in the new edition 

 of our Compendium FL Brit. The fame ingenious botanift, 

 of whofe elucidation and reformation of the cruciform 

 genera we have fpoken under the article Tetradynamia, 

 has founded a new genus, called Aethionema, upon Th. faxa- 

 ti/e, with another fpecies, whofe pouch has no valves, and 

 only a Cngle feed. With this latter, a Spanilh plant, we 

 are unacquainted ; but as the faxatile has two cells, and 

 .many feeds, we can hardly either disjoin it from Thlafpi, 6r 

 unite it with this, though, it feems, they agree in having aii 

 unequal infertion of tlieir calyx-leaves, which in Thlafpi is 

 equal ; and their longer filaments are either combined, or 

 elfe toothed near the top. As there are but two fpecies, 

 we prefume one of thefe laft charafters belongs to each. 

 The queftion feems at leaft doubtful, and therefore, without 

 prefuming to form an opinion refpefting Mr. Brown's 

 Aethionema monofpermum, we prefer keeping his faxatile where 

 it is. 



The plants of this genus are herbaceous, and moft of 

 them annual, with fimple leaves, and numerous corymbofe 

 flowers ; their furface more frequently fmooth, and fome- 

 what glaucous, than pubefcent ; Jlem leafy and branched. 



1. Th. peregrinu7n. Red Penny-Crefs. Linn. Sp. PI. 901. 

 Willd. n. I. Scop. Carn. v. 2. 17. (Th. capfula cordata, 

 peregrinum ; Bauh. Hift. v. 2. 927, badly copied in Morif. 

 feft. 3.t. 18. f. 30.) — Pouches roundifti-heartftiaped. Leaves 

 lanceolate, entire. — Native of dry hills, above Heidenfchaft 

 in Carniola. Scopoli. Of this very rare plant we have never 

 feen a certain fpecimen. Scopoli fays the flems are a fpan 

 high, hard, branched, turning reddifii, as well as the leaves, 

 as they advance in age. The leaves grow on fhort ftalks. 

 Flonvers fmall, red, with entire ovate petals, and reddifh 



Jlamens. Anthers yellow, as well as the Vtxoxtflyle, and the 

 Jiigma, vi'hich laft is flat at the top. Seeds two in each cell, 



ovate, yellowifh, flightly rugged, fliining, attached to the 



fale-ate partition. 



2. Th. arabicum. Purple Arabfan Penny-Crefs. Vahl 

 Symb. V. 2. 76. Willd. n. 2. (Th. humile, fpica pmpu- 

 rea ; Buxb. Cent. 1.2. t. 2. f. I. Iberis arabica; Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 906. Am. Acad. v. 4. Subularia purpurea ; Forlk. 

 iEgypt.-Arab. 117. ) — Pouch nearly orbicular, compreffed, 

 with a notch at each extremity. Lower leaves wedge- 

 fhaped ; upper oblong-heartfhaped, entire, clafping the 



ftem — Native of Arabia and Cappadocia The root is 



tapering, fibrous, annual. Stem more or lefs branched, 

 round, fmooth, from three to fix inches high, leafy, corym- 

 bofe. Lea-ues an inch long, acute, entire, fmooth, rather 

 fucculent, flightly ftalked. Flotuers fmall, purple or red- 

 difti. Pouch hght green, with a very broad ftriated border, 

 much exceeding \hsjlyle, and notched at the bafe as well as 



fummit. 



