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llus witli the luft, from which it differs in haviag a tufted 

 rH>t, not Uirowing out foyons, or runners; ufually taller 

 and more numerous ftcnu ; more glaucous herbage ; much 

 fmallrr/i)w«v, whofe jxlals arc eredl, and though variable 

 ill dimci.fions, never a quarter fo large as in monijmim; but 

 above all, in having at leaft three or four fceJs in each cell. 

 The pouiks moreover are always i.umerous, and all perfeft. 

 Their terminal lobes are variable in length or dilatation, 

 but conflantly much Ihorter than the. Jy!e. (See the fol- 

 lowing.) We have often been inclined to remove from 

 this fijecifs to the foregoing the fynonyms of Bauhin, 

 Clufius, and Gerarde, cited in Fl. Brii. on account of 

 the large fprcading petals of their figures. But this ap- 

 pears to be an inaccuracy on their part. The habit of 

 their plant ; {evcTslJlems from the fimpl" crown of the root ; 

 ;uid the copious pouches in long continued clujlers, all pro- 

 perly belong to our alpejlre, by no means to montanum. 

 We have fome fufpicion that the alpejlre is rather biennial 

 than perennial. It never remains long in gardens, but that 

 is no proof, nor have we had an opportunity of watch- 

 ing the plant through a feafon, on its own native hills. 

 Hudfon miftook the perfoUatuin, next defcribed, for alpejlre. 



9. Th. pcrjoliatum. Perfoliate Shepherd's Purfe. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 902. Willd. n. II. Fl. Brit. n. 4. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 2354. Jacq. Aultr. t. 337 ; not. 237, as in Willdenow. 

 (Th. alteram mitius rotundifolium, burfae paftoris fruftu ; 

 Column. Ecphr. 278. t. 276. f. 2. Th. rotundifolium ; 

 Ger. Em. 266. Th. cordatum minus, flore albo, infipidum ; 

 Barrel. Ic. t. 815. Th. tertium pumilum ; Cluf. Hift. 

 V. 2. 131. Th. minus Clufii ; Ger. Em. 268. Naflurtium 

 n. 510; Hall. Hift. V. I. 220. Pilofella filiquata ; Thai. 

 Harcyn. t. 7. f. C, at the end of Camer. Hort.) — Pouch 

 exaftly inverfely heart-diaped. Stem-leaves heart-lhaped, 

 ftiarpith at the bafe, clafping the branched ftem. Style very 

 Ihort. — -Native of calcareous paftures or rocks, walls, and 

 dry places, in Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy, Greece, 

 and England, flowering in the fpring. In the laft-men- 

 tioned country it is hardly known any where but in the 

 limeftone part of Oxfordfliire, about Witney and Burford. 

 We have gathered it at Caferta, near Naples. The root is 

 fibrous and annual. Stem branched from the bottom, ex- 

 cept on poor ground, ufually from four to fix inches high, 

 round, fmooth, leafy. Leaves glaucous, fmooth, various 

 in fize, entire, or now and then {lightly toothed ; the radical 

 ones ftalked, ovate, obtufe ; the reft feffile, alternate. 

 Flowers white, fmall, with narrow, ereft petals. Style fo 

 fhort as to be fcarcely difcernible between the rounded 

 lobes of the pouch. Seeds three or four, at leaft, in each 

 cell. The fmall annual root, ufually branched Jlem, and 

 minute _^y.-, are quite fufficient to diftiuguifh this fpecies 

 from the laft, with which it has been confounded ; nor is 

 it difficult, with a moderate degree of obfervation, to avoid 

 the error of thofe old botanifts, who defcribed its ftarved 

 and luxuriant ftates for diftinft fpecies. Ray fufpedled 

 this, and has adverted to it in his own fecond edition of the 

 Synopjts, by far the moft exaft, p. 176. 



10. Th, luteum. Yellow Sicilian Shepherd's Purfe. Bi- 

 von. Cent. i. 78. (" Th. montanum, glafti foho, parvum, 

 perfoliatum, norinjhil ferratum, filicula cordata ; Cupan. 

 Panphyt. v. 2. t. 256. Th. montanum luteum, glafti folio, 

 parvum, perfohatum, nonnihil ferratum, filicula cordiformi ; 

 Cupan. Hort. Cathol. 212.")— Pouch inverfely heart- 

 /haped, nearly orbicular. Leaves toothed, the lowf-rmoft 

 ftalked ; the reft clafping the Item. Style almoft equal to 

 the lobes of the feed-veffel — Native of dry mountainous 

 places near Palermo, flowering in April and May, and fent 

 US by the baron Bivona. This is a fmall, fmooth, glaucous, 



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annual plant, from one to three inches high. Stem erect, 

 either Ample, or branched from the bafe. Leaves half an 

 inch, more or lefs, in lengtii ; the lo-^er ones fpatulate ; the 

 others ovatc-oblong, bluntifti, with a hcart-ftiapcd bafe ; all 

 having one or two large teeth at each fide. Floivers re- 

 markable for being yellow. They are fmall, not many 

 together, in ftiort terminal corymbs, becoming elongated 

 clujlers of rather large, rounded, reticulated pouches, with a 

 few feeels in each cell. The petals are emarginate, eredt, 

 longer than the calyx. Stigma 'urge, on a level with the 

 lobes of the pouch. 



11. Th. Burja Pajloris. Common Shepherd's Purfe. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 903. Willd. n. 13. Fl. E.it. n. 6. Prodr. 

 Fl. Grsc. n. 1499. Engl. Bot. t. 1485. Curt. Lond. 

 fafc. I. t. 50. (Burfa Paftoris ; Ger. Em. 276. Mattlu 

 Valgr. V. I. 521.) — Hairy. Pouch inverfely heart-fliaped, 

 foniewhat triangular, fcarcely bordered. Radical leaves 

 pinnatifid. — A very common weed i'» cultivated and wafte 

 ground, tliroughout Europe, as -veil as in Nortli America, 

 and in moft countries where European m^rchasidife or cul- 

 tivation has reached. We have alrL>ady mentioned that this 

 fpecies is indubitably the 6?.acrr> of Diufcorides. It flowers 

 at all times, from the beginning of fpring to the end of 

 autumn. The white tapering annual root is diftinguiftied 

 by a very peculiar naufeous fmoke-like icent, when pulled 

 out of the ground. Whole herb rough with ftarry as well 

 as prominent hairs. Stem various in height, ereft, round, 

 with alternate fpreading branches, though fometimes fo 

 ftarved as to be quite fimple and flender, with all the leaves 

 of the plant undivided ; in which ftate the fpecies is difficult 

 to be recognized. The radical leaves are numerous, clofe 

 to the ground, varioufly pinnatifid, moftly toothed, fome- 

 what lyrate, about two or three inches long ; the reft: 

 linear -oblong, acute, feffile, entire or toothed, embracing the 

 ftem with their elongated heart-ftiaped bafe. Flowers fmall, 

 white, in denfe corymbs, often tinged with purplifh-brown. 

 Pouches fmooth, fatchel-ftiaped, whence the modern name, 

 difpofed in very long, lax, upright clujlers. Style rather 

 prominent. Seeds numerous, fmall, oval, a favourite food of 

 fmall birds, as well as the flower-buds. The flavour of 

 both is warm and pungent. 



1 2. Th. ceratocarpon. Horned Shepherd's Purfe. Mur- 

 ray in Comm. Goett. v. 5. 21. t. i. Linn. Suppl. 295. 

 Willd. n. 14. Ait. n. 3. Scop. Infub. v. I. 10. t. 4.) — 

 Very fmooth. Pouch obovate, tumid, with a terminal, 

 double horn-like, comprefled border. Leaves lanceolate, 



fomewhat toothed ; arrow-ftiaped at the bafe -Native of 



Siberia, from whence Pallas brought the feeds. The root 

 is annual, tapering. Stem folitary, ereft, twelve or eighteen 

 inches high, leafy, moftly quite fimple. Leaves all fmooth, 

 flightly toothed, or wavy ; the radical ones obovate, on long 

 ftalks ; the reft feffile. Floivers numerous, white, very 

 fmall. Pouches compofing a long clujler, very confpicuous 

 for their two (harp prominent horns, between which ftands 

 the very ^ortjlyle. Seeds large, about two in each cell. 



THLASPIDIUM, 9^xc77^.J.ol. of Cratevas, according to 

 Tragus ; a name whofe etymology has been millaken, like 

 TiiLASPl, (fee that article,) from whence it is manifeftly 

 derived. Tournefort, who in his Lijlitutwnes 214, adopts 

 this name, for vi'hat Lmnasus more aptly termed Bijcutella, 

 explains it as meaning that the plants which bore it were 

 allied to Thlajp'i ; and this, no doubt, is correft. But 

 Ambrofini, who confiders Thiajpi itfelf as applying to the 

 beaten or flattened form of the feed-velfel, deduces the pre- 

 fent word from ^\x.jj, to bruije or beat, and ao-irioiov, a little 

 faield, which is evidently applicable to the flat (hield-hke 

 fruit of Thlafpi arvenje, and is fo plaufible an explanation, 



that 



