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iu war, their priv«teeri bring tbt-ir prizes liither tor lale. 

 N. kit. i8°r2'. W. long. 64° 50'.— Alio, the capital of 

 Spanifh Guiana, called " S:iii Toinc," which is fituatcd at 

 tiie tool of a fmall mountain on the right bank of the Oro- 

 Doko. For its defence, a fort is placed oppolitc to the city 

 and on the loft bank of the river ; it is furrounded by a num- 

 ber of houfes, dependent, like the fort, on the province of 

 Guiana. Tliey call this place Port Raphael ; and it is here the 

 communication between Guiana and the provinces of Vene- 

 zuela and Comana is found. Between Port Raphael and the 

 city is feen the ifland called " Del Medio," or the Middle, 

 becaufe it is in the middle of the river. It is a rock, which, 

 in its fouthcm part, difcovers itfelf in fummcr, and is under 

 water in floods. Tiie principal channel is between the city 

 and this ifland : when the water is low it has 200 feet, and 

 on the increale of the river 50 or 60 more — Alfo, a town 

 of the United States of America, in Soutli Carolina ; 2 i miles 



N. of Charleftown Alfo, a town of the ifland of Cuba ; 



130 miles W.S.W. of Havannah. 



Thomas dt CaJliU, St., a town of Nortli America, in the 

 goveniment of Mexico, and province of Guatimala. 



TuOM.-vs'j Bay, a bay on the W. coall of Antigua. 



Thom/VsV Crat, a river of South Carolina, which runs 

 into the Great Pedee. 



TdOMAb'/ Gulf, St., abayof the Atlantic, on the W.coaft 

 of Africa. S. lat. 24° 50'. 



Tll0*l;VsV Head, St., a cape of England, on the N.W. 

 coaft of the county of Somerfet, at the mouth of the Severn. 

 N. lat. 51" 20'. W. long. 73° 35'. 



Thomas'^ Ho/pita!. See Hospital. 



THOMASBRUCK, in Geography. See Thams- 



BRL'CK. 



THOMASIUS, Jacobus, in Biography, a writer in 

 hiftory and philofophy, profeffor of eloquence in the univer- 

 fity of Leiplic, and chiefly diftinguifhed as the preceptor of 

 the illuftrious Leibnitz, was bora at Leipfic in the year 1 622. 

 Having obtained diftinftion by his leftures and public thefes 

 in his native city, he was advanced to the office of co-reftor, 

 firft of the college of St. Nicholas, and afterwards of that 

 of St. Thomas. His erudition was extenfive, nor was he 

 lefs diflinguithed by his modefty and by his difmclination to 

 controverfy. Among his numerous works, the pri?i.cipal are 

 " Antiquities of Philofophical and Ecclefiaftical Hiftory :" 

 " DifTenations on the Stoical Philofophy, and on other Sub- 

 j'fts relating to the Hiftory of Philofophy ;" and "ADiffer- 

 tation on Literary Plaffiarifm, with a Lift of 100 Plagi- 

 aries," all in Latin, He died in the year 1684. Brucker. 

 Morcri. 



Thomasius, Christian, fon of the precedino-, an emi- 

 nent jurift, was born at Leipflc in 1655. Having ftudied 

 the law at Francfort on the Oder, he was made a doftor in 

 that faculty in 1679 ; and returning to his native city, he 

 attended the bar, and wrote fome treatifes on the law. He 

 was the friend of Puffendorf. By oppofmg the fcholaftic 

 philofophy in a German journal, commenced in 1688, he 

 excited oppofition, and raifed againft himfelf many enemies. 

 Many circumftances occurred which increafed the number 

 of his adverfaries, and at length he was denounced to the 

 court of Drefden as a heretic and Calvinift. The dread of 

 perfecution induced him to withdraw to Berlin, and the king 

 of Pruffia offered him an afylum at Halle, where he intended 

 to found an univerfity. In this inftitution he occupied the 

 fecond chair of law, and on the death of Stryckius, in 17 10, 

 he was advanced to the firft chair. In 1 7 1 3 he defended con- 

 cubmage, and being denounced for this opinion by the theo- 

 logical faculty of Halle, orders were ilTued for proceeding 

 againft him cnmmally. But upon the esamination of his 



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theles, by commiflloners, the proceedings againft him wero 

 ftopped. The difpv.te, however, continued ; neverthelefs he 

 rofe to the poll of privy-counfellor to the king, and dircftor 

 of the univerfity of Halle, and died in 1728. Moftieim has 

 given this charafter of Thomafius. " His views were vaft ; 

 he aimed at the reformation of philofophy in general, and of 

 the Peripatetic fyftem in particular ; and he affiduoufly em- 

 ployed both the power of exhortation and the influence of 

 example, in order to perfuade the Saxons to rejeft the Arif- 

 totehan fyftem, which he had never read, and which moft 

 certainly he did not underftand. The fcheme of philofophy 

 which he fubftituted in its place was received with little ap- 

 plaufe, and foon funk into oblivion ; but his attempt to 

 overturn the fyftem of the Peripatetics, and to reftore the 

 freedom of philofophical inquiry, was attended with remark- 

 able fuccefs, made in a little time the moil rapid progrefs, 

 and produced fuch admirable effe<fts, that Thomafius is 

 looked upon, to this day, as the chief of thofe bold fpirits 

 who pulled dov/n philofophical tyranny from its throne in 

 Germany, and gave a mortal blow to what was called the 

 Sectarian philofophy in that country." Molheim's Eccl. 

 Hift. Moreri. 



THOMASSIN, LouiB, an ecclefiaftical writer, was 

 born at Aix, in Provence, in 1619, and was admitted into 

 the congregation of the Oratory in the fourteenth year of his 

 age. Ke afterwards became profeflbr of theology at Sau- 

 mur, and laying afide fcholaftic fubtleties, adopted the me- 

 thod of teaching by the fcriptures, fathers, and councils : 

 and in 1654 he was called to the feminary of St. Magloire zx 

 Paris. His " Latin Differtations on the Councils," were 

 published by the defire of the archbiftiop of Paris, of which 

 the firft and only volume appeared in 1667, 410. In the 

 following year he pubhftied " Memoires fur la Grace," 

 3 vols, 8vo., in which work he attempts to concihate the 

 Greek fathers with St. Auguftine. This was reprinted in 

 1682, with the addition of two memoirs. In 1678 he pub- 

 liftied the firft volume of a work, entitled " Dela Difcipline 

 Ecclefiaftiquc," which was followed by a fecond volume in 

 1679, and a third in 1681. This work was tranflated into 

 Latin, in 3 vols. fol. from refpeft to pope Innocent XI. 

 and for the advantage of more unlimited circulation. His 

 other works, which we can merely enumerate, were " Dog- 

 mata Theologies," 3 vols. 1680-89 ! " The Difcipline of 

 the Church and Chriilian Morality ;" " On the Divine Ser- 

 vice ;" " On Feftivals ;" " On Fafts ;" " On Truth and 

 Falfehood ;" " On the Unity of the Church ;" " On Alms, 

 Trade, and Ufury ;" " Methode d'enfeigner chretienne- 

 ment la Grammaire, ou les Langues par rapport a I'Ecri- 

 ture Sainte," 2 vols. 8vo. ; and " Gloflaire univerfelle He- 

 braique," which latter appeared after his death in 1697, 

 folio. 



Thomaffin died in the year 1 695, having for fome time 

 enjoyed a penfion of 1000 livres granted to him by the 

 French clergy, and of which he gave one half to the poor. 

 One of his biographers charafteriles him as " humble, mo- 

 deft, and mild, fond of ftudy and retirement, and fliunning 

 difputes." — Although his reading was extenfive, his eru- 

 dition was not of the higheft clafs, and it is faid that his 

 work on Difcipline contains many miftakes where Greek 

 authors are cited. Moreri. Gen. Biog. 



THOMASTOWN, in Geography, a poft-town of the 

 county of Kilkenny, Ireland, fituate on the river Nore, over 

 which it has a fine bridge. The caftle was built about 1 1 80, 

 by Thomas Fitzanthony, from whom the town takes its Irifti 

 name of Bally-mac-Andan ; i. e. town of Anthony. It was 

 a borough, and fent two members to parliament, but loft that 

 privilege by the Union. The Nore is navigable to this town 



for 



