T H O 



order to familiarize the lludent to thefe cliords in every part 

 u( the inftrumcnt, he is advUoJ to make three voyages 

 round the harmonical world : beginning with the 8th upper- 

 moft, then the 5th, and iailly the 3d i and .t no millake 13 

 made, the laft chord in each of thefe circumnavigations will 

 be an oclavc above the firft. But all difficulty in thefe 

 exereifes will be removed, if it be remembered that, m 

 going from chord to chord, only one note is to be changed 

 by tile right-hand, which note is always the oftave of the 

 new bafe. 



5. Exercife of common chords in accompanying the 

 hexachords in all the keys, major and minor, to their fun- 

 damental bafes : in the praftice of which, dots are placed 

 on the notes in the treble, which are to be played with the 

 little finger. And though only the firft hexachord, or fix 

 notes, is written backwards, each of them is intended to be 

 played backwards as well as forwards. 



Many years ago, we tried to reduce all the rules of 

 thorough-bafe to the compafs of a mejfage-card, and almoft 

 all the combinations exprefTed by figures to common chords. 

 And now, if the preceding exereifes of the hand in common 

 chords have done their duty, the ftudcnt will perceive, from 

 an enn-raving of the two fides of this thcrough-bafe card, that 

 what has been explained in words and figures on one fide, 

 is illullratcd witii notes on the other. 



The fecond card goes fomewhat deeper into harmonical 

 myfteries, by what the French call la regie de I'oSave, or 

 rule for accompanying with a fpccific chord every note of 

 the key, afcending and defcending ; which, if pradlifed 

 well in all the 24 keys, and impreffed on the memory, will 

 enable the ftudent to figure a bafe himfelf, or to play with- 

 out figures ; and by a lecming divination, without a treble 

 part, to know the harmony that belongs to each bafe of a 

 regular compofition, in a diatonic afcent and defcent. 



After thefe chords are literally at the pagers' -ends of the 

 ftudent, the following eight rules and exceptions in playing 

 without figures muft be obferved. 



1. An accidental^ar/> note in the bafe is generally ac- 

 companied with a °, and changes the key to the half note 

 above fuch fharp. 



2. An accidental ^at note in the bafe is generally ac- 

 companied with a J, and changes the key to the 4th below 

 fuch flat. 



3. To the Jth of a key, if repeated at a clofe, two chords 

 arc generally played in modern mufic ; the I and I : in 

 old raufic, the J 7, and fometimes the 7th with the common 

 chord. 



4. When the bafe moves per faltum, a 3d, 4th, 5th, or 

 6th, common chords will do. 



5. When the bafe rifes a 4th, and falls a 5th alternately, 

 and the contrary, each note may be accompanied by a 7th. 



6. In fyncopated or binding notes the " are played to 

 the laft part of the ligature, by anticipation. 



7. Slow notes in the bafe, in old mufic, are generally 

 accompanied, as on the plate, by a * and I alternately. 



8. Sufptnjwns of a whole ghord, or part of a chord, are 

 cxpreffed by a dafti ( — ) preceding the refolution. 



The reverfc of the fecond card contains explanations of 

 thefe eight rules in notation. 



It muft be remembered, that whoever is ambitious of 

 playing thorough-bafe luithout figures, muft previoufly pof- 

 fcfs the art of accompany!. ig readily with figures. See 

 Composition and Counteki'oint, to which thorough-bafe 

 is the beft introduftion : as what is good in playing, would 

 be good, as far as harmony is concerned, in writing. In- 



6 



T H O 



vention, fancy, and good tafte, are necelTary to break thefe 

 chords into melody. 



'TnoKOVdH-lVax, in Botany. See Bupleurum. 



THORP Arch, in Geography, a village of England, in 

 the county of York, where is a medicinal fpring, impreg- 

 nated with fulphur and fteel ; 3 miles S.E. of Wetherby. 



Thorp, B'ljfhop's, a village of England, in the county of 

 York, where the archbilhop has a palace, built by arch- 

 bifhop Gray in 1241 ; 3 miles S. of York. 



THORPNESS, a cape on the eaft coaft of England, in 

 the county of Suffolk, forming the fouthern part of 

 Solebay. 



THORSAKER, a town of Sweden, in Geftricia ; 21 

 miles S.W. of Gefle. 



THORSBERG, a mountain of Norway, in the province 

 of Aggerhuus ; 18 miles W. of Tonfberg. 



THORSHAVEN, a fea-port town of the ifland of 

 Stromoe, and capital of ah the Faroer iflands, as well as the 

 common market, and refidence of the landvogt, and king's 

 counfel. 



THORSTORP, a town of Sweden, in Weft Gothland; 

 28 miles S.E. of Gotheborg. 



THOS, Thous, Bv:, in Zoology, a name given to an 

 animal of the wolf-kind, but larger than the common wolf, 

 common in Surinam. It is a fpecies of the canis, with a 

 light bent tail, and white belly. It never touches men or 

 cattle, and rather provides its food by cunning than open 

 force ; preying chiefly on poultry and water-fowl. 



THOTCHI, or Thatchi Hotun, in Geography, a town 

 of ChinefeTai-tary ; 36S miles W. Tourfan. N.lat. 42^52'. 

 E. long. 83° 24'. 



THOTRA, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of Ran- 

 tampour ; ' 40 miles S.S.W. of Rantampour. 



THOU, James Augustus de, (Thuanus,) in Bio- 

 graphy, an eminent magiftrate and hiilorian, was the fon of 

 Chrillopher de Thou, prefident of the parliament of Paris, 

 diftinguifhed for integrity and patriotifm, and born at Paris 

 in the year 1553. In the college of Burgundy, where, he 

 was placed at the age of ten years, his education was inter- 

 rupted by a fever, which feemed for fome time to have 

 proved fatal to him ; but upon his recovery he ftudied the 

 civil law, firft at Orleans, and afterwards at Valence, under 

 the celebrated Cujacius, in which latter place he com- 

 menced an intimate acquaintance with Jofeph Scaliger, 

 which was continued through life. Upon his return to 

 Paris in 1572, he witneffed the horrors of the maffacre of 

 St. Bartholomew, and this fceiie impreffed him with an 

 eternal deteftation of bigotry and intolerance. He was 

 originally deftined for the church, with the profpeft of 

 valuable preferments, which his uncle, the bifhop of Chartres, 

 intended to refign to him. In the mean while he travelled 

 to Italy, the Low Countries, and Germany ; but upon the 

 death of his brother, his views were changed, and the law 

 became his deftined profeffioii. After the death of his 

 father, whofe memory he held in high veneration, he was 

 made mafter of requefts in 1584 ; and in 1587, he married 

 Marie Barbanfon, a lady of a noble family. Upon the re- 

 volt of Paris, on occafion of the league, in 1586, he repaired 

 to Henry III. at Chartres, and was deputed by him to 

 confirm the province of Normandy in its allegiance. On 

 the aftaffination of the duke of Guife, his family at Paris re- 

 ceived public infults, which made it neceftai-y for his wife 

 to make her efcape in difguife, and he went to the king at 

 Blois, who was almoft deferted, and induced him to form 

 a coalition with Henry, king of Navarre. Being at Venice, 

 he was informed of the alfaffination of Henry III., after 

 which he immediately joined the legitimate fucceffor to the 



crown. 



