T H O 



IS it i» impombleto conceive a matter which is not extended, 

 tliouirS it be lafy to conceive one that I3 neither earth nor 

 netaC nor Iquaro, nor round, nor that is even in motion. 



Hence it may be concluded, that as it is poflible there 

 may be matter which is neither earth nor metal ; nor fquarc, 

 nor round, nor even in motion; it is alio poffible, that a 

 mind may neither perceive heat nor cold, nor joy nor gnef, 

 nor imagine any thing, nor will any thing ; fo that thele 

 modifications are not effential to it. Thinkmg alone, there- 

 fore, according to this author, is the effence of the mind, as 

 Mtcnfion alone is the eflcnce of matter. 



But this doftriiie is not now generally received. The 

 followers of fir Ifaac Newton, and the new philofophy, 

 deny extenfion to be the cffence of matter ; and the fol- 

 lowers of Mr. Locke deny thought to be the eflence of the 

 mind. 



Thoughts, or Thoughts, in a Boat, a name given by 

 feamen to the benches on which the men fit down to row. 



THOUINIA, in Botany, a noble genus, though con- 

 fiding of only one known fpecies, fo named by the writer 

 of this, in grateful remembrance of his diftinguifhed friend 

 M. Andre Thouin, member of the Inftitute, and at prefent 

 ProfefTor of Agriculture at Paris. This gentleman is one 

 of the original foreign members of the Linnjean Society, 

 and ranks among the beft and moll philofophical cultivators, 

 as well as botaniils, of this or any age. The prefent plant 

 was felefted out of the large and fine coUeftion of new and 

 rare fpecimens, given by himfelf to the younger Linnxus, 

 chiefly from the herbarium of Commerfon. We were not 

 aware of its having been named Humberlla by its difcoverer, 

 or Endkachium by Lamarck (fee the latter article) ; 

 where we have remarked that the name is barbarous ; we 

 ftiould therefore not have adopted it, if known. Humbertia 

 is not accounted for, there being no botanift on record of 

 the name of Humbert, nor has any body explained or 

 defended this appellation. The younger Linnasus had in- 

 deed eftablifhed a Thouinia, Suppl. 9, after Thunberg ; 

 neither of them fufpefting their plant to be a real Chionan- 

 thuj, the xeylanica of Linn. Sp. PI. 11. Swartz moreover, 

 in his Prodr. 14, added a fecond fpecies to this fuppofed 

 genus, which he afterwards diftinguifhed from it, by the 

 name of Linociera, under which head our doubts refpeft- 

 ing even that matter are recorded. Confidering therefore 

 our original name no more juftly fuperfeded than our genus, 

 we cannot allow it to give place to M. Poiteau's Thouinia, 

 Ann. du Mujiee fafc. 13, though De Theis has decided 

 otherwife. — Sm. Plant. Ic. 7. Schreb. 793. Willd. Sp. 

 PI. V. I. 935. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. (Endrachium; 

 JulT. 133. Humbertia; Lamarck Dift. v. i. 356. II- 

 luftr. t. 103.) — Clafs and order, Pentandria Monogynia. 

 Nat. Ord. Con-volvuli, Juff. 



Gren. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, permanent, of five 

 roundifli, coriaceous, concave leaves ; the three outer ones 

 moft thick and rugged, naked ; two inner membranous at 

 the margin, filky at the back. Cor. of one petal, twice 

 the length of the calyx, bell-fhaped, plaited, externally 

 briftly ; its margin in five triangular blunt fegments. Stam. 

 Filaments five, awl-(haped, fmooth, declining, twice the 

 length of the corolla, and inferted into its bafe ; anthers 

 incumbent, hcarl-(haped, of two lobes. Pi/l. Germen fu- 

 perior, ovate, very hairy ; ftyle of the length, figure, and 

 fituation of the ftamens, a little fwelling upward; ftigma 

 obtufe, notched. Peric. Berry globofe, coriaceous, ftand- 

 ing on the permanent calyx, of two cells. Seeds two in 

 each cell, triangular, fomewhat ovate. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx inferior, of five unequal leaves, per- 

 manent, Corolla of one petal, bell-fhaped; externally 



T H R 



briftly. Style fimplc. Berry coriaceous, of two cells. 

 Seeds two in each cell. 



Obf. We fee no reafon to adopt Juffieu's or Lamarck's 

 idea of this fruit. They call it a coriaceous, or woody, 

 capfule, which does not burft. Commerfon, who alone has 

 examined it frefh, denominates it a drupa, which term we 

 would reftrain to pulpy fruits with a fingle nut, and there- 

 fore we judge the prefent to be a bacca, however tough or 

 dry its fubftance may appear when dry. 



I. T.fpeaabilis. Beautiful Thouinia. Sm. PI. Ic. t. 7. 

 Willd. n. I. (Humbertia madagafcarienfis; Lamarck n.i. 

 " H. asviternia ; Commerf. MSS. et Ic. Endrach-En- 

 drach ; Flac. Hift. Madagafc. 137. f. 100. Arbre im- 

 mortel.") — Native of Madagafcar ; unknown in the gardens 

 of Europe. A tall and large tree, whofe wood is yellowifh, 

 compaft, heavy, as hard as iron, and almoft incorruptible 

 even under ground. Lamarck. The branches are round, 

 fcarred, filky towards the ends, where they bear tufts of 

 leaves, intermixed with axillary Jlo'vuers. The leaves are 

 fcattered, two or three inches long, obovato-lanceolate, 

 obtufe, entire, fmooth and Ihining, with a ftrong mid-rib, 

 on channelled filky footjlalks, vt\\.\\o\Hjlipulas. Flowers on 

 folitary, axillary, fimple^a/ij-, rather fhorter than the leaves, 

 each with a pair of fmall braHeas about the middle. Of 

 the colour of the corolla we have no account ; its length is 

 about an inch ; and the filky hairs on the outfide, in a dry 

 ftate, are of a fhining brown. Fruit the fize of a fm^ 

 plum. 



THOUN, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the province 

 of Khoraftan ; 75 miles W. of Herat. 



THOURY, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Eure and Loire ; 3 miles E. of Janville. 

 THOUSAND. See Numeration. 

 Thousand Tears^ Reign. See Millennium. 

 Thousand IJlands, in Geography, a clufter of fmall 

 iflands in the Straits of Sunda. S. lat. 5° 33'. E. long. 

 106° 33'. — Alfo, a number of fmall iflands in the river 

 St. Laurence, a little below lake Ontario ; the part of the 

 river being called Thoufand Ifland Lake. 



Thohsand Lales, a name given to a number of fmall 

 lakes in America, near the river Mifliflippi 5 60 miles above 

 St. Anthony's Falls. 



Thousand Rocks, rocks in the river St. Laurence ; 72 

 miles S.W. of Montreal. 



THOWLES, in a Boat. See Tholes. 

 THOYNARD, Nicholas, in Biography, a native of 

 Orleans, was born in 1629, and at an early age a proficient 

 in the learned languages, and in medallic fcience. His own 

 original works were few, but he was hberal in the afliftance 

 he afforded to other writers. He publifhed two fhort Latin 

 differtations on particular medals, and notes upon " Laftan- 

 tius de Mortibus Perfecutorum," and alfo a Critique on 

 R. Simon's tranflation of the New Teftamcnt ; but his 

 principal performance was " A Concord of the Four Evan- 

 gelifts," in Greek and Latin, which was printing at the time 

 of his death at Paris in 1706, and appeared in 1707, with 

 learned notes, chronological and hiflorical. In this work he 

 maintains that St. Matthew, of all the evangehfts, paid the 

 leaft regard in his narrative to the order of time. This 

 work was printed at confiderable expence, and is now rare. 

 Moreri. 



THOYT. See Thaut. 



THRACE, in Ancient Geography, an extenfive country 

 of Europe, fituated in the S.E. Its natural boundaries 

 are, on the S. the iEgean fea, the Propontis, and the Bof- 

 phorus of Thrace ; on the E. the Euxine fea. Its hmits 

 to the N. and W. are not fo determinately afcertained. 



A penin. 



