T H R 



rftum of the year i8i i, ftatcs the mimber of houfos in this 

 town to be 135. occupied by 708 perfons. It appears 

 from Leland, that there was formerly a monaft.c eftabhfh- 

 ment here. He fays, " At the very end of 1 hrapcfton br.dge 

 Hand ruinesof a very large hermitage, and pnnc.pally welle 

 bmldid, but a late difcoverld and fuppreffid."-Beaut.es ot 

 England and Wales, vohxi. NorthamptonHure ; by J. Lvans 



and J. Britton. , n r . 



THRASEA Pf.tus, in Biography, a Roman leuator, 

 vho deferves to be recorded for his integrity and patnotifm, 

 was a native of Padua; educated in Stoical tenets, and a 

 great admirer of Cato of Utica, whofc life he compo(l-u. 

 As a fenator, he was a ftrcnuous alTertor of the liberty that 

 remained under imperial defpotifm, and on this account he ex- 

 pofed himfclf to the obloquy of all the fycophants of power. 

 His integrity commanded the acknowledgment of Nero, the 

 execrable tyrant who put him to death, and many niitances 

 occur of his undaunted fortitude in maintaining it. We can 

 only felea the following : After Nero had committed the 

 deteitable crime of matricide, when the fervile fenate was 

 decreeing fok-mn thankfgiving and annual feftivab to com- 

 memorate the event, Thrafea, who, we are told, had been 

 accuftomed to futfer other adulations to pafs in filence, or 

 with a flight an"ent, marked the profligacy of thefe motions 

 by walking out of the fenate-houfe ; thus openly expofing 

 his life to a danger which he contemned ; for, conformably to 

 the Stoical principles, he was ufed to fay, ' Nero may kill me, 

 but he cannot hurt me.' But though Thrafea often efcaped 

 the brutal vengeance of this imperial tyrant, his fate was at 

 length dt-creed. In the year 66, the 1 3th of Nero, this 

 monfter having imbrued his hands in the blood of many of 

 the moft illuftrious Romans, now refolved, fays Tacitus, to 

 extirpate virtue itfelf, by the deft;ru6lion of Thrafea Pxtus 

 and Barcas Soranus. The amount of the charges againft 

 Thrafea only evinced his contempt of the bafe adulation of 

 the fenate, and his difpleafure with the vices and enormities 

 of the reign. No defence could be of any avail, and there- 

 fore Thrafea prepared in filence to fubmit to his fate. When 

 the determination of the fenate was announced to him, he was 

 in his garden furrounded by a number of illuflirious perfous 

 of both fexes, and attentively liftening to Demetrius, a Cynic 

 philofopher, who was difcourfing on the nature of the foul, 

 and its feparation from the body. Having received the 

 decree of the fenate, he retired into his bed-chamber, and 

 laid bare the veins of both arms, and then bled to death. 

 Tacit. Annal. Suetonius. Dion Caff. Plin. Epift. 

 THRASHING, &c. in Agriculture. See Threshing. 

 THRASOS, a term ufed by Hippocrates, to exprefs a 

 wildnefs and fiercenefs in the eyes of perfons who approach 

 to a delirium. 



THRASYBULUS, in Biography, an eminent Athenian, 

 was the fon of Lycus, and the reilorer of liberty to his 

 country. When the government of the 400 fucceeded the 

 overthrow of the democracy in the year B.C. 411, he was 

 commander of a galley ; and in connexion with Thrafyllus, 

 he dellroyed the ariftocracy in the camp at Samos, and re- 

 eftabUflied democracy there, and then propofed the recall of 

 Alcibiades, in exile at Magnefia, and reftored him to his 

 country. Thrafybulus and 'Phrafyllus, having purfued the 

 Peloponnefian fleet, brought it to an adlion in the ftraits 

 between Sellos and Abydus, in which the Athenians cap- 

 tured 20 (hips of th« enemy, with the lofs of 15 of their 

 own. Another engagement foon after occurred, and the 

 refult of the arrival of Alcibiades's fquadron was a com- 

 plete vitlory oa the part of the Athenians. When Alci- 

 biades was made general of the Athenian forces both by fea 

 >i)d land, he nominated Thrafybulus for one of his colleagues ; 



T H R 



but a mifunderflanding afterwards taking place between 

 them, Thrafybulus impeached Alcibiades before an affembly 

 of the Athenians, and procured his difgrace. On occafioH 

 of the eftablifliment of the thirty tyrants at Athens by tht- 

 influence of the Lacedsmonians, Thrafybulus was one of feve- 

 ral other citizens who took refuge in the Theban territory ; 

 and zealous for the emancipation of his country from fen'i- 

 tude, he engaged a fmall body of fugitives to join him in an 

 expedition to Attica, and took poflefllon of the important 

 fortrefs of Phyla, on the frontiers of Bceotia. Befieged by 

 the Greeks, Thrafybulus by his activity repulfed them, and 

 even followed them in diforder to Athens. Having alfo 

 furprifed a pofl: which they occupied near Phyla, the thirty 

 tyrants removed from Athens to Eleufis, and Thrafybulus 

 feized this opportunity of attacking the Pira:us, and his 

 cnterprife fucceeded. He then iflued a jcoclamation, ani- 

 mating the Athenians to refill their tyrants, and to re- 

 ftore a free government. Having done this, he efl;abliflied 

 himfelf in the Piraeus. The conflitution of Athens was then 

 changed, by fubftituting infl;ead of the thirty tyrants, ten ma- 

 giftrates, one from each tribe. The Lacedaemonians ftill 

 retained their influence over thefe magiftrates, who fent 

 to Sparta foliciting affiftance againft Thrafybulus. At length, 

 however, this refolute commander prevailed fo as to open a 

 negotiation between the Athenians and the Spartan govern- 

 ment, which terminated in the withdrawing of the Spar- 

 tan garrifon, and the re-eftablifliment of a popular conftitu- 

 tion at Athens. This happy clofe of the conteft was fol- 

 lowed by the union of citizens of both parties, in a folemn 

 thankfgiving to Minerva at her temple in the citadel, when 

 Thrafybulus exhorted them to future concord. The remaining 

 tyrants at Eleufisendeavoured to foment diflenfions in Athens ; 

 but the bufinefs terminated in an aft of amnefty or oblivion, 

 which was paffed by the influence of Thrafybulus in the 

 affembly of the people, and ratified by an oath. This revo- 

 lution happened in the year B.C. 401. In accomplifhing 

 this event, Thrafybulus afted with the moft difinterefted 

 patriotifm ; for the thirty tyrants, when he feized the caftle 

 of Phyla, had offered to make him one of their number, and 

 to pardon any twelve of the exiles whom he might name ; 

 to which offer he rephed, that exile was much more honour- 

 able than any civil authority purchafed on fuch conditions. 

 Thrafybulus remained for fome time in unmolefted retirement, 

 enjoying the honour accompanying the olive wreath, which, 

 according to the fimple manners of the age, was beftowed 

 upon him for his fervices. But in the year B.C. 390, after 

 the death of Conon, the foreign poffeflions an'd influence of the 

 Athenians were in danger of being loil; and therefore a fleet 

 of forty fliips was placed under the command of Tlrrafybulus, 

 with which he failed to the Hellefpont. On this occafion he 

 induced two Thracian princes to become allies to Athens, 

 and compelled the Byzantines and the inhabitants of fome 

 other cities to abohfti their ariftocratical governments, and 

 accept of the Athenian model and alliance. He next pro- 

 ceeded againft the ifle of Lelbos, in the Lacedaemonian inte- 

 reft, and reduced the whole ifland to obedience. Thence he 

 failed for Rhodes, having previoufly raifed fupplies from the 

 maritime towns of Afia, and the capital of Pamphyha. He 

 alfo indulged his men in private pillage ; and thus fo much 

 provoked the inhabitants, that they made an attack in the 

 night on the tents, and put a number of the Athenians to 

 the fword, among whom was Thrafybulus himfelf. Such 

 was the inglorious termination of a life that had been de- 

 voted to the benefit of his native country. Corn, Nepos. 

 Un. Hift. Gen. Biog. 



THRAVE, or Tjireai'E, of Corn, in moft parts of 

 England, is twenty-four flieaves, or four fhocks of fix (heaves 



to 



