THRINCTA. 



hariialjlalks, wliich ai'e RoUow, and each contains a peculiar 

 tuft of very white cotton, remarked by the Rev. Mr. Hohnc. 

 Calyx, and top of each Jlall:, a httle downy. Flnwers 

 bright leii- on-coloured, hardly an inch broad, often reddifli 

 on the outfide. Seeils (lender, all crowned with fcffile 

 feathery down. Sometimes the Jloivers are proliferous, like 

 the Hen-and-chicken Daify. 



10. A. cr'ifpa. Curled H:nvk-bit. VVilld. n. lo. Ait. 

 II. 6. (Leontodon crifpum ; V^illars Dauph. v. ■\. 84. t. 25. 

 Hieracium alteram faxatile ir.ontanum ; Colunm. Ecphr. 

 244. t. 243. H. parviii'i hirtum, caule aphyllo, crifpum 

 iibi ficcatum ; Bauh. Hill. v. 2. 1038.) — Stalks radical, 

 almolt naked, fmglc -flowered, hairy as well as the calyx. 

 Leaves with various divaricated teeth and fegmcnts, rougli 

 with dcnle three-forked hairs. Seeds with a rough elong- 

 ated b-ak. — Native of rocks in Daupliiny, Switzerland, 

 and Italy. — The root is faul to be very long, tlirufting itfelf 

 deep into the fcarcely vilible clefts of large rocks, and fend- 

 ing forth many long, iimple, lateral fibres. Lenves nu- 

 merous, in denfe fpreading tufts, from two to four inches, 

 Columna fays more than fix, in length, pinnatifid in a rather 

 lyrate manner, fome of their fegnvents or teeth turned 

 various ways, efpecially, as J. Bauhin obffrves, whrn dry ; 

 they are denfely clothed, on both fides, with prominent 

 hairs, whofe peculiarly white tips have three or more 

 fpreading forks or points. Floiver-Jlalki afcending, a fpan 

 high, furrowed, bearing a few linear fcales near the top. 

 Floiver full an inch broad. Seeds iiniform, each terminating 

 in a long, tapering, brown, minutely rough beak, which 

 looks like a ftalk to the denfe feathery down. This fpecies 

 comes very near the following, but appears to be eflen- 

 tially diftinguilbed by the beak of the feeds. ViUars con- 

 founds its fynonyms with thofe of yl. hirta, which differs 

 very materially in having a fcaly fiiort crown to its mar- 

 gm^\feeds, as will hereafter be defcribed. 



11. A. hijptda. Rough Hawk-bit. Willd. n. 11. 

 Ait. n. 7. Compend. Fl. Brit. n. i. (Hedypnoishifpida ; 

 Fl. Brit. n. I. Engl. Bot. t. 554. Leontodon hifpidum } 

 Linn. Sp. PI. I 144. Curt. Lond. fafc. 5. t. 56. Fl. Dan. 

 t. 862. Hieracium dentis leonis foho, hirfutum ; Ger. 

 Em. 303.) — Stalks radical, naked, fingle-flowered. Leaves 

 with reverfed teeth, rough. Florets hairy at their orifice ; 

 glandular at the tip. Seeds fcarcely beaked Very com- 

 mon in meadows, paftures, and wafte ground, throughout 

 Europe, from Sweden to Greece, flowering in fummer. 

 The root is tapering, zigzag, long and flender. Leaves ob- 

 long, more or lefs deeply toothed, or in fome meafure pin- 

 natifid, their teeth acute, pointing downwards ; they are 

 much lefs denfely hairy than thofe of the lail, their hairs 

 generally fimply forked only ; but we are aware of the un- 

 certainty of this charafter. Stalls feveral, upright, ftriated, 

 clothed with fimilar hairs. Floivers drooping while in bud ; 

 afterwards ereA, bright yellow, an inch and half broad. 

 Calyx hairy ; its outer fcales lax and fcattered. Flprets 

 with a tuft of long yellow ereft hairs, at the top of their 

 tube externally ; their fummit terminates in five teeth, at 

 the back of each of which Mr. Sowerby firft detefted a 

 fmall triangular duller of brown glands. Thefe two cha- 

 rafters ferve admirably to diftinguifli the prefeut fpecies 

 from every other Britilli one, but tlie firfl; of them, if nottlie 

 other, is found in A. cr'ifpa. The feeds however have not 

 near fo long a beak as in that fpecies, and they differ from 

 A. hirta in being all uniformly furnifhed with a feathery 

 crown. It is curious to trace an affertion of the feed-down 

 being ftalked in this Ipecies, publilhed by Willdenow, taken 

 from Haller, on the authority of Reichard. On turning to 

 Halkr, n. 25, we find he irufted to Berkhey, who, in his 



Flores Compoftti, t. 6. f. 10, has figured a feed, fuppofed tO 

 belong' to the plant before us. On examination however its 

 crown proves to confill of fimjde, not feathery, rays, and 

 therefore it has nothing to do with any Apargia. We men- 

 tion this circumflance, to (hew the mifchief of taking things 

 for granted ; not only in botanical criticifm, but any other 

 inquiry of the human mind. 



12. A., hirta. Deficient Hawk-bit. Hoffm. Germ, for 

 1791. 274. Compend. Fl. Brit. n. 2. (Thrincia hirta; 

 Roth. Catal. V. i. 98. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 1554. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. V. 4. 447. Hedypnois hirta ; Fl. Brit. n. 2. 

 Eiig!. Bot. t. 555. Leontodon hirtum ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1 123. 

 Curt. Lond. fafc. 6. t. 59. Rhagadiolus 11. 7 ; Hall. Hiit. 

 V. I. 5, with fome doubtful fynonyms.) — Stalks radical, 

 naked, fingle-flowered. Leaves toothed, rough. Calyx 

 iiearly fmooth. Outer row of feeds deftitute of down. — 

 Native of gravelly heaths and walle ground throughout 

 Europe. Dr. Sibthorp gathered it, along with our violets 

 and primroies. in Arcadia. Mr. Curtis obferves that this 

 fpecies leldom occurs on the fame fpot with the preceding, 

 of which Mr. Hudfon made it a variety. Otlier botanills 

 have found great difficulty in diilinguilhing them under all 

 their various appearances, whilft Haller, and more recently 

 Roth and Willdenow, have feparated them generically. 

 Linna;us thought the fimple hairs of the plant before us 

 afforded a good mark ; but this is fallacious. The herbage 

 of both is nearly the fame, or at Icaft their varieties clofely 

 approach each other. The flowers of both droop in the 

 bud, but thofe of A. hirta are the fmallefl; ; ihm florets 

 orange beneath, deftitute of hairs about the orifice, and of 

 glands at the fummit. The moft eflential difference of all 

 is found in the feeds of the circumference, which have no 

 feathery down, but inftead thereof a crown of fhort jagged 

 fcales. The root is abrupt, or bitten oflF, not tapering. ^ 



13. K. annua. Annual Hawk-bit. (Thrincia hifpida ; 

 Roth. Catal. v. i. 99. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 1555. Hyo- 

 feris taraxacoides ; Villars Dauph. v. 3. 166. t. 25, ex- 

 cluding the fynonyms. ) — Stalks radical, naked, fingle- 

 flowered. Leaves lanceolate, tootlied, rough witli forked 

 hairs. Calyx hoary and hifpid. Outer row of feeds def- 

 titute of down : thofe of the diflt beaked. — Native of Spain 

 and France, in faiidy ground. The annual fibrous root dif- 

 tinguiihes this from all the other known fpecies, and efpe- 

 cially from the laft, with which the fliort crown of its outer 

 row of feds agrees. The reft of the feeds however are 

 elongated at the fummit into a flender beak, which elevates 

 the feathery down, as on a longifh ftalk, but is not really 

 fuch. The rough and hoary calyx, and the brighter green 

 of the leaves, are further differences. The name of hifpida 

 being preoccupied, fee fp. 11, we are obliged to feleft a new 

 one tor the prefent fpecies. 



14. A. ViUarJii. Villarfian Hawk-bit. Willd. n. 12. 

 (Leontodon hirtum; Villars Dauph. 82. t. 25, excluding 

 the fynonyms.) — "Stalks radical, naked, fingle-flowered, 

 nearly Imooth as well as the calyx. Leaves deeply toothed, 

 or pinnatifid, rough with fimple awlihaped briftles." — 

 Native of dry funny rocks in Dauphiny. Willdenow, who 

 had a dried fpecimen, fays the leaves are hoary with co- 

 pious white hairs. We have not feen the plant, nor dare 

 we attempt any illullration of it ; Villars having fo con- 

 founded vai'ious fynonyms under this and his Leontodon pro- 

 theiformc, p. 87. t. 24, that, even with fome of his fpeci- 

 mens before us, tlie defcriptions are not fatisfaftory. 



15. A. caiuafica. Caucafian Hawk-bit. Marfch. a 

 Bieberll. Caucaf. v. 2. 247. — " Stalk radical, fingle-flow- 

 ered, fmooth. Caly.x hairy. Leaves runcinate, rough, 

 fparingly clothed with fimple depreffed hairs." — Native of 



I gralfy 



