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eraffv paftures on the Caucafia.i alps, flowering iii Augu t 

 11.(1 StplemlKT. Root perennial, abrupt. Leaves with 

 triaiiirular, nearly entire lobes pointni^ backward, be- 

 fpnulud un the upper lide with decumbent l,a>rs, io 

 fparinRly that they feem altogether fmoolh. SM- longer 

 than the leaves, llriated, naked except a m.nute fcale or two ; 

 > little tumid and downy under the calyx, which is blackilh, 

 though hifpid with whitifh hairs. Flo-wtr of a full ye low. 

 S^Ji fmooth to the naked eye ; their down fcflile, feathery. 

 This plant has the habit and ilalure of /I. hifpida, n. H, 

 but differs in die want of hairs on \iKjialk, as well as m the 

 form and pofition of the pubefcence of the foliage. 



16. A. coronopifolia. Bucks-honi-leaved Hawk-bit. 

 Willd. n. 13. (Lcontodoii coronopifolium ; Desfont. 

 Atlant. V. 2. 229. t. 214.)— Stalks radical, fingle-flow- 

 ered, fcaly, Ihorter than the leaves, hairy as well as the 

 calyx. Leaves pinnatifid, with blunt lobes, rough with 

 forked hairs.— Native of the fandy deferts of Barbary, near 

 Cafsa. The whole plant is rough with branched hairs. 

 Leaves three or four inches long, fpreadiiig on the ground, 

 unequallv, but rather regularly, pinnatifid. Stalks feveral, 

 afteuding, an inch or two high. Flowers yellow, an inch 

 broad. 



17. A. hifpatiica. Spanifh Hawk-bit. Willd. n. 14. 

 Marfch. a Btebertl. Caucaf. v. 2. 248. (Leoiitodon hif- 

 pidum ; Cavan. Ic. v. 2. 39. t. 149, excluding the fy- 

 nonym. )— Stems leafy, moftly iingle-flowered, hairy as well 

 as the calyx. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed or pinna- 

 tifid, rough, with forked hairs. — Native of hilly fituations 

 in Spain, flowering the beginning of May. Frequent alfo 

 in Tauria. This, as Willdenow remarks, differs as much 

 as poffible from /I. hifpida. The whole herb is even more 

 roug-h or briftly than that fpecies. Stems fix inches high, 

 furnifhed with lanceolate fcales, accompanied by fome ob- 

 long, obtufe, entire or toothed, leaves, an inch or inch and 

 half long. The radical leaves are more numerous and longer, 

 tapering at the bafe, gradually dilated upward, bluntly 

 toothed, or in fome degree pinnatifid. Floiuers terminal, 

 foUtarv, pale yellow, nearly an inch and half broad. 

 Calyx with numerous long, narrow, very hairy fcales. The 

 hairs of the ftem and other parts are white, fometimes 

 forked. 



iS. A. afpera. Branching Rough Hawk -bit. " Waldft. 

 et Kitaib. Hung. v. 2. 114. t. no." Willd. n. 15. Ait. 

 n. 8. — Stem leafy, fomewhat branched, hairy. Calyx 

 fmooth. Leaves lanceolate, rnncinate, hairy, with forked 

 briftlcs. — Native of rocky woods in Hungary, near the 

 baths of Hercules. Very nearly akin to the lall, but the 

 more branching /?fm, rnncinate leaves, and fmooth very clofe- 

 prclTed fcales of the calyx, fringed at the edges only, not lax 

 and hairy, appear fufficient, as Willdenow thinks, to dif- 

 tingnilh this Ipccies. 



19. A.Jlrigofa. Briftly Hawk-bit. Marfch. a Bieberft. 

 Caucaf. V. 2. 249. (Scorzonera afperrima ; Willd. Sp. 

 PI. V. 3. 1507. S. hifpida; Forflc. yEgypt.-Arab. 215.) — 

 " Stem leafy, hifpid, bearing one or two flowers. Calyx 

 hoary ; the margin and keel of its fcales fringed with 

 briftles. Leaves lanceolate, toothed, hifpid, with forked 

 hairs. Seeds rough." — Native of dry open places in Ibe- 

 ria, and the eallern part of Caucaius, flowering in June. 

 Forfl<all found it at Eftac, near Marfeilles. We have al- 

 ready dcfcribed this under the article .SfoRZONERA, n. 32. 

 The able author df the Flora Taiirko-Caucafica favs, " the 

 leaves zndjlems are extremely hifpid ; the calyx only hoarv, 

 except the edges and keels of the fcales. Stems bearing 

 one or two leaivs, and from one to tliree_^o.7i'fr,r, like yi. kif- 

 paniea. Flwets pale yellow ; the outermoft purple beneath. 



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Seeds brown, linear, tapering much at the top, as in the 

 Scorzonera; they are rough with minute prominent points. 

 Down feathery. The habit of this plant, and its affinity to 

 ^. hifpaHica, n. 17, and incana, n. 7, make it rather an 

 Apar^ia than a Scorzonera.'^ We have feen no fpecimen. The 

 regularly imbricated membranous-edged fcales of the calyx 

 in the latter, and the naked tips of its feed-down, arc fuf- 

 ficient indications of that genus, and if not found in the 

 prcfent plant, there can be no doubt upon the fubjcft ; but 

 of this we are left in ignorance. 



20. A. variegafa. Party-coloured Hawk-bit. Willd, 

 n. 16. (Hieracium variegatum ; Lamarck Did. v. 2. 

 362.) — Stem nearly leaflels, fomewhat branched, fliaggy. 

 Radical leaves oblong, llrongly tootlied, hairy towards the 

 edges. Calyx-fcales fpatulate, flat ; downy at the bafe and 



margin Gathered by Comnierfon at Monte Video. The 



root feems rather woody. Stems feveral, fix inches high, 

 each terminating in one large yellow or orange-coloured 



Jlower, and bearing feveral linear acute fcales, with the rudi- 

 ments of branches ; but we find none of the pinnatifid ftem- 

 leaves mentioned in Lamarck. The numerous radical leaves 

 are two inches long, tapering at the bafe, bluntifli, with 

 coarfe blunt unequal teeth, green, not hoary ; (liaggy with 

 fimple briftly hairs about the margin and mid-rib on both 

 fides. The dilated, obtufe, fmooth fcales of the calyx are 

 more regularly and copioufly imbricated than ufual in this 

 genus, and are prettily variegated with white marginal cot- 

 tony down. The /eed-down is feathery, but of the feeds or 

 receptacle we can fee nothing. 



21. A. hieracioides. Corymbofe Hawk-bit. Willd. 

 n. 1 7.^-" Stem branched at the top, hairy. Leaves ob- 

 long-lanceolate, hairy, toothed. Hairs forked." — Native 

 ot Galatia. Willdenow, who had a dried fpecimen, de- 

 fcribes this plant as refembling Hieracium murorum. The 



Jlem is eredt. Leaves feflile, an inch and a half long. 

 Flozver-jlalks fcaly and hairy. Do-Mn feflile, feathery. 

 Receptacle naked. 



THRINIUM-GiLD. See Teisium-G;W. 



THRIO, 9j)ia', in Antiquity, a feftival in honour of 

 Apollo. 



THRIPS, in Natural Hijlory, a name ufed among the 

 ancients to exprefs a fort of worm hatched from the egg 

 of a beetle : which, while in the worm-ftate, eats its way 

 into wood, and forms cells and cavities in it of various 

 fhapes, and in various direftions, often refembling the 

 figures of letters or other things. See Enxylon. 



The ancient Greeks are faid to have ufed fmall pieces of 

 the wood thus eroded in particular forms, as feals, before 

 the engraving of thefe uteniils was invented ; and indeed 

 they muft very well have ferved this purpofe, fince it is 

 fcarcely pofTibly to conceive how one of thefe pieces of cor- 

 roded wood ftiould be counterfeited, or the imprefiion 

 imitated. 



Lucian mentions his marking his olives with a fignature 

 of one of thefe pieces of wood greatly eroded, and ufes 

 the word thrips, not as the name of the animal, but of 

 the piece of wood eroded by it. Theophraftus, Pliny, 

 and Ariftotle, alfo ufe the fame expreffion ; and we find 

 that tlie word thrips was as frequently ufed to fignify 

 the pieces of wood eroded, as the animal which eroded 

 them. 



Thrips, in the Linnaan Syflem of Zoology, is a genus of 

 the order of Hemiptera, the charafters of which .ire, that the 

 roftrum is obfolete, being hidden within the mouth ; the an- 

 tenna: filiform, and as long as the thorax ; the body (lender, 

 and of equal tliicknefs ; the abdomen reflexible, and often 

 benl upwards; the four wings extended, incumbent, j nar- 

 row. 



