T H 11 



exiftence of fome hundreds of larvx ; and thus, in any 

 gardeu or fruit-around not in tlic neiglibourhood of others, 

 where the fame methods are negH-cled, the wliole race 

 might, it is fiippofrd, be extirpated in a few years. 



THRISSA, in Ichthyology, the name given by the 

 Greeks and by the modern Latin writers to the li(h which 

 we call the (had, or the mother of the herrings. 



THRIVING, in Nia! Cattle, a term made ufc of by 

 graziers and other ftock-farmers to fignify the property 

 they have of doing well on the food they confume, or of 

 fattening kindly, in contradiftinftion to that of a ftunted 

 unthrifty growth, or bad fort of feeding. It is moftly 

 known by tlie hides or coats of the beads having a mel- 

 lownefs of feel in handling them, with a finenefs and fleck- 

 nefs in their appearance. This depends, in a very great 

 degree, upon the pile and growth of the coats, for the 

 fliorter and flecker they are, the more thriving the beafts ; 

 as, on the contrary, in proportion to length and hardnefs, 

 is the unthriftinefs of the ilock. 



A coarfe, rough, thick hide is an indication too of hard- 

 nefs of flelh in beafts ; while, on the contrary, finenefs and 

 clofenefs of grain in it, give the feel of fine texture in the 

 hide. 



Thefe circumftances demand great attention in choofing 

 neat tattle for all purpofes. 



Thriving Drinks, fuch drinks as are prepared and given 

 to rieal cattle, or other beafts, when in a low unthrifty ftate. 

 They are moftly compofed of the powders of different 

 forts of aromatic feeds, fuch as ihofe of anifeeds, carravvay. 

 feeds, and grains of paradifc, in the proportion of about 

 two ounces of each : which are mixed well together and 

 put into a quart of warm ale, in which they are given to 

 the beafls ; or of fw^et fennel feeds and cummin feeds, 

 each two ounces, long pepper, ginger, turmeric, and ele- 

 campane, each one ounce, mixed together, to be given in 

 the fame way as above, to which fometimes a little frefh 

 butter and treacle or coarfe fugar are added. Snake-root 

 and gentian root, in powder, too, are fometimes employed 

 in fuch drinks. 



As the principal effcft of fuch drinks, for the moft pai-t, 

 depends upon the elTential oil the fubftances may contain, 

 they will be fomewhit prefervcd and increafed by giving 

 them in the above manner. 



The moft proper management for the beafts in thefe cafes, 

 is to change their food as much as polilble for the better, 

 letting them have occafional good maflies of fcalded bran, 

 ground malt, or other fjch fubftances, with a fmall propor- 

 tion of ground oats or barley meal put into them : warm 

 water may alfo fometimes be noceftary. 



By the ufe of drinks of this fort, very reduced cows and 

 other neat cattle may often be readily reftored and brought 

 into a thriving condition. 



THRIXSPERMUM, in Botany, fo called by Lou- 

 reiro, from ^^ij, a hair, and a-rrijuo,, feed. We (^nnot fay 

 much for the conftruftion of this word, which fnould have 

 been Trkhnfpermum, provided there be no dormant claim to 

 that name ; but it is not worth changing, till we are better 



alFured of the genus. — Loureir. Cochinch. 519 Clafs and 



order, Monamlrta Monogynla. Nat. Ord. Orchlde.s ? 



Gen.Cli. Common Ca/yx catkin-like, linear, comprefied, 

 fleihy, with alt-mate, acute, fingle-flowered fcales. Pe- 

 rianth none. - Cor. Petals five, linear-av/l(haped, long, ereft, 

 neariy equal. Neft.iry attached to the receptacle, between 

 the two lowermoft petals, deeply divided into tv/o lips ; the 

 inner one three-cleft, embraced by the petals, its lateral 

 fegments fhort and blunt, the middle fegment longeft, co- 

 nical, afcending; outer one ovate, undivided, prominent 

 5 



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beyond the petals. Stam. Filament folitary, thread-lhaped, 

 ftiort, attached to the piilil ; anther ovate, of two cells , 

 with a lid. P'l/l. Germen thread-lhaped, ftraight, bearing 

 the flower ; ftyle thick, unequal, ftanding on the bafe of 

 the neiftary ; iligma fimple. Peru. Capfule oblong, tri- 

 angular, the angles acutely emarginate, of three valves and 

 one cell. Seeds numerous, long, very flender, like hairs. 



EfT. Ch. Petals five, linear, ereft. Outer lip of the 

 nedtary ovate, prominent. 



I. Th. centlpeda- Nhanh goi rit of the Cochinchinefe. 

 Found in Cochinchina, creeping upon the native trees. 

 The Jlem is parafitical, long, comprefted, perennial, creep- 

 ing by means of fimple, very ftiort, lateral roots. Leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, entire, fmall, (heathing, rcflexed. Flcwers 

 pale yellow, with a reddifti r.etlary, in ftraight, lateral, 

 catkin-like, two-ranked /plies. 



We guefs this to be allied to fome of thofe parafitical 

 Crchidex, formerly referred to Epldendruni by Linna:us ; 

 and by Swartz chiefly to Cymbldlum. - The ftruAure of 

 the whole tribe is fo obfcure, that Loureiro may very well 

 be excufed if we cannot entirely unravel his defcription. 



THROANA, in Ancient Geography, a town of India, on 

 the other fide of the Ganges, which Ptolemy affigns to the 



people called Lefti, or pirates Alfo, a town of Serica, 



near the mountains in the vicinity of Afmiraea. Ptolemy. 



THROAT, the anterior part of an animal, between the 

 head and the fhoulders, in which is the gullet. 



Phyficiar.s include, under the word throat, all that hollow, 

 or cavity, which may be feen when the mouth is wide open. 



It is fometimes aJfo called l/lhmus, becaufe it is narrow, 

 and bears fome refemblance to what is called by geogra- 

 phers ijthmus. 



Throat, Sore, in Medicine. See Quikzy. 



Throat, Wounds of, in Surgery. See WoUKDS. 



Threat, in Archlte8urc, Foriifcatlon, &c. See Gorge 

 and GuLA. 



Throat, in Ship- Building, the infide of knee-timber at 

 the middle or turn of the arms. Alfo, the middle part of 

 the floor-timbers ; the inner part of the arms of an anchor, 

 where they join the fhank ; and the inner ends of booms and 

 gaffs, where they traverfe round the maft. 



The throat is oppofed to peek, which imphes the outer 

 extremity of the faid gaff, or that part which extends the 

 fail behind. Hence the ropes employed to hoift up and 

 lower a gaff, being applied to thofe parts of it, ^re called 

 the throat and peek haliards. Falconer. 



TnuoAT-Wort, in Botany, the name of a perennial weed 

 common in pafture grounds. The ftalk is cornered and 

 undivided. The flowers grow in bunches at the top of the 

 ftalk. They are ereft, of a beautiful purple colour, and 

 divided in the middle into five acute fegments. It is a very 

 pernicious weed when fuffered to get a-head in fuch lands, 

 and not capable of being deftfO)ed without confiderable 

 difficulty and trouble. See Trachelium. 



This plant yields, when wounded, a milky juice in great 

 plenty, and this, if received into a fliell or other fmall veffel, 

 curdles immediately, and the whey runs from the thick 

 part : this whey is of a brown colour, whereas that of the 

 wild lettuce is of a fine purple, and dries into a cake that 

 may be crumbled into a purple powder. The juice of the 

 throat -wort fmells four, and its curdled part, being dried, 

 burns like refin at the flame of a candle. Phil. Tranf. 

 N° 224. 



THROATING, in Agriculture, the aft of mowing 

 beans againtt their bending, which is never done but in a 

 thin crop. But in fuch it is often neceffary, in order to 

 cut them with the moft perfedion and advantage. They 



fliould 



