T il II 



Thf name of liis fatlicr was Oloriis, or Orohis, diat of a 

 Tliraciiii prince, indicatii.Kaconia-ftioii with Thrace, ui which 

 hcfeoms tohave poiTolR-d Kold-mincs, and tohavc liad ii.fliience 

 over its cliiefs. He bolonjrcd to one of the principal famihcs at 

 Athens and was related to tJiat of Miltiades. His education 

 was that which dillin^uilhed Athenians of rank : Antiphon 

 being hii preceptor in rhetoric, and Anaxagoras in philofophy. 

 When he heard Herodotus recite his hlllory at the Olympic 

 fellival, lie is faid to have fhcd tears ; and Herodotus obferving 

 it, congratulated Olorus on his fon's difpofition. At the com- 

 mencement of the Peloponnefian war he was at Athens, and 

 Ihared in the calamity of pcllilence that then occurred ; and 

 in the eighth year of'that war he had a command in Thrace, 

 and was oppofed to the Spartan general Brafidas, who lur- 

 prifed the town of Ampiiipolis, for the lofs of which Thu- 

 cydides was punilhcd by banilhmcnt, though it does not ap- 

 pear that he could have prevented it. During the twenty 

 years of his exile, he devoted himfelf to literary refearclies 

 aiid obfervations through different parts of Greece, and thus 

 cclleded materials for the hiftory which he was projctlnig. 

 He refidcd for a confiderable time in Thrace, but the place 

 and lime of his death are not afcertained. Dodvvell conjec- 

 tures that he paffed his 8oth year, and died in Thrace. His 

 hiftory comprehends the tranfadtions of the firft twenty years 

 «f the Peloponnefian war, difpofed in eight books ; more 

 limited in its compafs than that of Herodotus, but not 

 mer;-ly rivalling but furpaffing it in hillorical merit, mere 

 efpccially if we admit what a modern writer fays of it, 

 " that the firft page of Thucydides is the commencement of 

 real hiftory." The diftinguiftiing charafteriftics of this 

 hiftorian are diligence of refearch, and the feleftion of the 

 bcft authorities, and perfeft impartiality. To thefe quali- 

 ties we may add fagacity in inveftigating caufes and effefts, 

 and a philofophical fpirit in forming a difcriininating judg- 

 ment of human affairs. His narration is occafionally very 

 interefting, and indicates the writer of genius. His ftyle, 

 which has undergone much criticifm, is of that kind which 

 the ancients termed the auftere, aiming at force and brevity 

 rather than harmony, elegance, or perfpicuity. Its con- 

 cifencfs and frequent tranfpofitions render it frequently ob- 

 fcure, nor is this defeft compenfated by its energy and 

 elevation. The moft valued editions of this work are 

 Hudfon's, Oxon. 1696 ; WafTe and Ducker's, Amft. fol. 

 ry^i ; and the Leipfic, 2 vols. 410. 1790 — 1804. Voff. 

 Hift.Grzc. Gen. Biog. 



THUDACA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Africa, 

 ill Mauritania Caefariana, near Tingis. Ptol. 



THUELATH, a maritime town of Africa, on the coaft 

 of Libya, between Autolats and Thagana. Ptol. 



THUEYE, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Ardeche ; 1 8 miles W. of Privas. 



THU.IA, in Botany, Swc», 6uik, or iva. of the Greeks, 

 the name of a tree, whofe very durable wood ferved, accord- 

 ing to Theophraftus, to make images. Its root in particular, 

 being curioufly twifted or veined, was ufed for the moft 

 valuable ornamental works. This plant was probably the 

 Juniperus Oxyccdrus, very common throughout Greece and 

 the Archipelago, of which Mr. Hawkins is of bpinion that 

 the moft ancient ftatues were made. It is the Small Cedar, 

 KtA^t: ^.xfaof Diofcorides, and ftill univerfally bears the name 

 of x%! in modem Greek. Ourprefent genus of Thuja has 

 nothing in common with this claflical plant, except being an 

 aromatic evergreen tree, of the fame natural order, with a very 

 durable wood ; but it is not a native of Greece or the Le- 

 vant — Linn. Gen. 500. Schreb. 651. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 V. 4. 508. Mart. Mill. Dia. V. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 

 321. Purfti646. J«(r. 413. Tourn. t. 358. Lamarck 



T H U 



lUuttr. t. 787. Gaertn. t. 91. — Clafs and order, Monoecia 

 MonaiUlphia. Nat. Ord. Conifene, Linn. JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Ca/. Catkin ovate, compofed of a com- 

 mon ftalk, on which the flowers ftand oppofite, in three rows, 

 each flower having for its bafe a nearly ovate, concave, ob- 

 tufc fcale. Cor. none. Stam. Filaments in each flower four, 

 but fcarcely vifible ; anthers as many, attached to the bafc 

 of the fcale above mentioned. 



Female on the fame plant, Cal. Catkin nearly ovate, with 

 oppofite flowers, and confifting of two-flowered, ovate, con- 

 vex fcales, converging longitudinally. Cor. none. P'Jf. 

 Gcrmen minute ; llyle awl-fliaped ; ftigma fimple. Peric. 

 Cone ovate-oblong, ohtufe, burfting lengthwife, into oblong 

 imbricated, nearly equal, obtufe, externally convex fcales. 

 SecJs folitary, oblong, each furrounded by a longitudinal 

 membranous emarginate wing. 



EflT. Ch. Male, Catkin with imbricated fcales. Corolla 

 none. Anthers four. 



Female, Catkin becoming an imbricated cone, with two- 

 flowered fcales. Corolla none. Seed furrounded by a 

 vertical membranous wing. 



Obf. Linnaeus indicates the clofe relationfhip of this genus 

 to Cupreous. They arc neverthelcfs diftinguiflied by the 

 peltate fcales of the rone in the latter, and its angular, obtufe, 

 fcarcely winged, Jeec/s, or nuts. 



1. Th. occidentalis. American Arbor-vitse. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1421. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. Purfli n. i. " Mi- 

 chaux Arb. For. v. 3. 29. t. 3." (Arbor vitae ; Cluf. 

 Hift. v. I. 36. Ger. Em. 1369.) — Young branches two- 

 edged. Leaves imbricated in four rows, comprefled, ovate, 

 fomewhat rhomboid, dotted. Inner fcales of the cone 



abrupt, tumid under the point Native of North America, 



from Canada to the mountains of Virginia and Carolina, 

 bloflbming in May. It is rather fcarce in the fouthern 

 ftates, and only found on the fteep banks of mountain tor- 

 rents. The branches are extremely tough. Purjh. This 

 tree was introduced into our gardens in Gerarde's time, or 

 before, and is much efteemed for ornament and flicker in 

 ftirubberies, or for platted and cHpped hedges in nurfery- 

 gardens, in which laft ftate it is really very beautiful. By a 

 ftrange miftake of Linnseus, this fpecies is handed down as 

 a native of Siberia ; becaufe Gmehn, Fl. Sib. v. i. 182, men- 

 tions a Thuja, to which he mifapplies the fynonyms of the 

 prefent, but which by his own account is different ; for he 

 lays it is " paler than the garden kind, and fmaller in all its 

 parts." It was brought him by a travelling furgeon, from 

 rocks near Pekin in China, and could be no other than the 

 Th. orientalis, hereafter defcribed. Th. occidentalis is a per- 

 feftly evergreen tree, of humble growth, much branched, 

 very different from moft others in the comprefled vertical 

 afpeft of its younger flioots, and their clofely imbricated 

 leaves, which are imall, obtufe with a point, fmooth ; thofe 

 of two oppofite rows comprefled and keeled ; the interme- 

 diate ones flat, with a glandular point, or cellof refin, at the 

 back. The JJoivers appear in May, and are fmall, folitary, 

 terminal ; the males yellowifh, and moft abundant. Cones 

 ripened the following year, drooping, each the fize of a 

 filberd-kernel, confifting of about half a dozen lax, fmooth, 

 coriaceous fcales. The fmell of the bruifed plant is fome- 

 thing like Savine, aromatic, but not agreeable. The wood 

 is not hard, but tough and extremely durable, on which lajl 

 account it is much efteemed in America for making pales 

 and fences. 



2. Th. orientalis. Chinefe Arbor-vitx. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1422. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. 2. Gsrtn. f. i. " Schkuhr 

 Handb. v. 3. 285. t. 309. (Thuya ; Gmel. Sib. v. i. 182 

 Th. n. 3 ; Duhaniel Arb. v. 2. 320. t. 90, the two lower 



figures. 



