THUJA. 



figures. Very bad.) — Young branches two-edged. Leaves 

 imbricated in four row s, coniprefTed, ovate, fomcwliat rhom- 

 boid, with a central furrow. Inner fcales of tlie cone ob- 

 tufe, with a recurved dorfal point. — Native of rocky fitua- 

 tions ill China. Gmel'm. On mountains in Japan. Thunb. 

 Jap. 266. A hardy tree in our gardens, which appears to 

 liave been cultivated by Miller in 1752. It flowers at the 

 fame time as the former, but though a much more handfome 

 tree, is Icfs common. Tlie very copious and crowded young 

 tranches are more ercft, more llender, and rather lefs com- 

 prefTed than the former, and the leaves are furrowed, with- 

 out any rcfinous dot. The differences between thefe two 

 fpeeies are accurately marked in our fpecitic characters, 

 adopted from Linnius and Willdenow. The inner fcales 

 of the cone in that before us are remarkably hooked. Gxrt- 

 ner obfervesthat the wing of its feedis hardly difcernible. 



3. Th. articulata. Jointed Arbor-vitse. Vahl. Symb. 

 V. 2. 96. t. 48. Desfont. Atlant. v. 2. 353. t. 252. Willd, 

 n. 3. (Til. aphylla ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1422, as to the fynonym 

 cf Shaw, and part of the charafter taken from thence, but 

 not of Am. Acad. v. 4. 295 ; fee Tamarix. Cypreflus 

 fruftu quadrivalvi, foliis equifeti inftar ;irticulatis ; Shaw 

 Afric. n. 188. f. 188.) — Young branches jointed, rather 

 conipreflfed, with four farrows. Leaves minut^, concave, 

 pointed, four at the top of each joint ; glandular at the back. 

 Cones quadrangular, of four hooked fcales. — Native of the 

 mountains of Barbary, where it is not uncommon. A tree 

 from iifteeu to thirty feet high, with round branches, the 

 younger ones repeatedly fubdivided, in a partly oppofite, 

 partly alternate manner, moderately comprelTed, compofed 

 of a feries of linear, fniootli, brittle joints, from a quarter to 

 half an inch long, and marked with four longitudinal fur- 

 rows, which are continued to the interftires of the four mi- 

 nute fcale-like iea-ves crowning each of thefe joints. Willde- 

 now, milled by the analogy of other fpeeies, and the figures 

 oi authors, fuppofes each^a;'/;/ to be an affemblage of /m'ijw, 

 from which error the faithful defcriptions of Vahl and Des- 

 fontaines might have guarded him. Catiitis terminal, foli- 

 tary ; the males ovate-oblong, of many fcales ; females 

 roundifh, of much fewer. Fruit fomewhat depreded, about 

 the fize of a black currant, with four protuberant angles, 

 and crowned with as many intermediate reflexed points. 

 The fcales feparate at the angles, but are firmly united at 

 their bafe. Seeds fmall, with a broad kidney-ftiaped wing. 

 The late celebrated Brouflbnet obferved the refin called Gum 

 Sandarache to be procured from this tree. Dale attributes 

 it to the Common Juniper. Such being the hiilory of the 

 fpeeies before us, the Th. aphylla of Linnxus becomes a non- 

 entity. 



4. Th. dolabrata. Sculptured Arbor-vitae. Linn. 

 Suppl. 420. Willd. n. 4. Thunb. Jap. 266. (Quai, 

 vulgo Fi no ki et Ibuki ; Kampf. Am. 884.) — Young 

 branches two-edged, jointed ; convex on one fide ; concave 

 and white on the other ; joints obovate. Leaves lateral, 

 oppofite, keeled, comprefled. — Native of Japan. Thunberg 

 obferved it in the countries of Oygawa and Fakonia, between 

 Miaco and Jedo ; and it was planted along the high road on 

 the hill of Fakonia. He fpeaks of it as a //•;--• of vaft height 

 and dimenfions, the moft beautiful of all the evergreen tribe. 

 The branches are alternate, repeatedly fubdivided, comprefled 

 and clothed with imbricated leaves. At tirll fi^ht the youngr 

 branches appeal- covered with four rows of leaves, but the 

 analogy of the foregoing fpeeies, even of the firft of all, leads 

 us to believe the intermediate row, on each fide, is an obovate 

 furrowed joint, infenfibly terminating in a fliort broad leaf, 

 while the more obvious leaves arc oppofite, laterally inferted 

 into tlie bafe of the joint at each fide, and about the fame 



length ; each of them ftrongly comprefled, with a thick keel, 

 and incurved point. Their great peculiarity confifts in being 

 all convex and green on the upper fide of the branch ; con- 

 cave and as if whitewnrtied, like the furrows of the joints, on 

 the under. This gives the plant an artificial, but moft ele- 

 gant, appearance. Tlie flowers we have not fcen. Kaempfer 

 lays thv fruit is warty, the fizc of a pea. 



^.Th. cupriffoides. African Arbor-vitse. Linn. Mant. 125. 

 Willd. n. 5, Ait. n. 3. Thunb. Prodr. 110. (Th. aphylla; 

 Burm. Prodr. 27, excluding the reference to Shaw.) — 

 Young branches but fiightly comprefled. Leaves imbricated 

 in four rows, even. Cones nearly globofe, of four acute 

 warty fcales. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope, from 

 whence Dr. Roxburgh introduced it to Kew Garden in 1799. 

 The growth of the tree is tall and clofe, like that of the Cy- 

 prefs. Leaves clofely imbricated, not fpreading. Fruit of 

 the fize and appearance of the Cyprefs, nearly globular, with 

 four obiolete angles, leparating into four tliick acute valves 

 or fcales, tubcrculated externally, keeled within. Seeds 

 numerous, each terminated by a membranous obovate wing. 

 Linnoeus adds to this defcription, " Ramuli minime articulate 

 more Jignifti." If minime be not printed by millake for 

 minimi, we prefume this alludes to Shaw's fynonym, cited in 

 the Mantiffii with many fcruples, and certainly not belonging 

 to this but to articulata, our third fpeeies. 



Thuja, in Gardening, contains plants of the hardy, ever- 

 given tree-kind, of which the fpeeies cultivated are, the 

 American arbor-vitae (T. occidentahs) ; and the Chinefe 

 arbor-vita (T. orientaHs). 



In the firft of thefe fpeeies there are different vari- 

 eties ; as the American fweet-fcented, and the variegated- 

 leaved. 



Method of Culture Thefe plants may be increafed by 



feeds, layers, and cuttings. Good feeds fhould be obtained 

 from the native fituations of the trees, and be fown foon 

 after they are ripe, or as foon as they can be obtained, in 

 autumn or fpring, in pots or boxes of light earth, covering 

 them half an inch deep, placing the pots, &c. in a ftieltered 

 warm fitnation, or under the fnelter of 3 frame in bad wea- 

 ther, efpecially when fown in autumn, that they may be 

 protefted from fevere frofts : they fometimes come up in 

 the fpring, but are frequently apt to remain in the ground 

 till the fecond year. When the plants are come up, the 

 pots fhould be placed in an eaft border to have only the 

 morning fun, but open to the free air, giving frequent but 

 very moderate waterings all the fummer ; and in winter re- 

 moving the pots again to a fheltered place till fpring, when 

 they may be pricked out in nurfery-rows ; or, when they 

 are fmall and weakly, continued in the pots another year, 

 placing them in a fhady fituation during fummer, and in a 

 ftieltered place in winter ; and in the fpring following plant- 

 ing them out in the rturfery, in rows a foot or two afunder, 

 in order to acquire fize and ftrength for planting out where 

 they are to remain. 



The layers ftiould be made from the young fhoots of one 

 or two years growth, which may be laid down early in 

 autumn, bending down the branches to the earth, and lay- 

 ing all the young v/ood in by flit or twift-laying, with the 

 tops only appearing a little above ground ; fhortening any 

 that have much longer tops than the others : they njoftly 

 emit roots in the earth, and form proper plants by l!i - autumn 

 following ; when, or rather in fpring after, tht y fhould be 

 leparated from the ftools, and be planted in nurfery-rows, 

 to remain two or three years, or till of a proper fize for 

 the ihrubbery. Sec. 



The cuttings fhould be made from the ftrong young 

 fhqots of the fame year's growth, which ftiould be planted 



in 



