T H Y 



tT«f«, aiwi wai cicatrized at the end of a month. The 

 piticm left the hofpital, porf^aiv cured, the 34th day 

 after the operation. See Default's Parifian Chirurgical 

 Jounial, vol. ii. p. 192 — 296. 



To the pretediiijr cafe, the editor of the above work has 

 annexed the few following refl-'ttions. 



The extirpation of the thyroid gland is an operation ex- 

 tremely difficult, and certainly highly dangerous, wlien per- 

 formed by an opirator but moderately exercifed in the prac- 

 tice of his profelTion. The number and fize of the arteries 

 uccc{rar\' to divide, the proximity of the traciiea, ccfophagus, 

 and carotid, near which the knife mull ncceirarily pafs, are 

 the principal dangers that the operator ihould avoid. Thefe 

 arc the circiimtlances which have deterred the majority of 

 praditioners from performing it, particularly thofe who 

 from long eftablirtied prejudice have been deterred from ufing 

 ligatures in cafes of wounded arteries. Examples of this 

 operation are very rare. The firft time that Gooch under- 

 took to perform it, he was deterred from finifliing it by the 

 hemorrhage, and his patient died on the eighth day. The 

 fecond time he fucceeded better, but was incapable of fe- 

 curing the vcflels, and fucceeded in flopping the hemorrhage, 

 which would otherwife have been mortal, by caufing the 

 parts to be comprefled by the hand of an afliftant for the 

 fpace of eight days. Gooch's Med. and Chir. Obf. p. 130. 

 Bell's Syllem of Surgery, vol. v. p. 525. And La Bib. 

 Chir. de Richter, 1. 2. 4c partie, p. 128. 



A. F. Vogel and Thedcn have praftifed the fame oper- 

 ation with the moil complete fuccefs. All danger from the 

 hemorrhage, or inconvenience arifing from the difcharge of 

 blood, may be obviated by pinching up the fniall velTels, 

 tying them as faft as they are dividid, and by difcovering 

 and tying the large veiTels previous to their diviilon ; other 

 parts that cannot be wounded without danger, are to be 

 avoided by diiretling (lowly and a little at a time, and feel- 

 ing with the finger every part previous to its divifion with 

 the biftoury. 



THYRO.ARYTENOIDEUS,amufcleofthelarynx. 

 Sec Lakynx 



THYRO-EPIGLOTTICUS, a fuppofed mufcle of 

 the larynx. S;-e Larynx. 



THYRO-HYOIDEUS, a mufcle paffing between the 

 OS hvoiries and the thyroid cartilage. See Larynx. 



THYRO-PHARYNGEUS, a portion of the inferior 

 conftriclor of the pharynx. See Degh/tition. 



THYROIDE.^ GlanduU Mufculm. See the defcrip- 

 tion of the tliyroid gland in the article Larynx. 



THYRRjEUM Vinlm, a fort of wine among the an- 

 cients, remarkable for its thicknefs and dark colour ; it was 

 fweet and lufcious, and not aftringent. 



THYRREUS Lapis, in Natural Hiflory, the name of a 

 foffil, which the writers of the middle ages have called ^rHj-. 



It has many virtues afcribed to it ; but all the accounts 

 wc have of its real properties are from Pliny, who obferves, 

 that it fwam upon the water while whole ; but when broken 

 into fmall pieces, thefe funk to the bottom. It feems to 

 have been a fort of bitumen of a fpongy ftrufture. 



THYRSINE, in Botany, probably from its denfr cluf- 

 ter-like appearance, a name given by Gleditfch to the Cy- 

 TiKvs, (fee that article,) in a trcatife publifhed in his Phyfic. 

 Botan. Oecon. Abhandlungen, v. 1. igg. t. 2. He is 

 cited in Schreb. Gen. 609, and WiUd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 589. 



THYRSUS, ra:»cTo,-, in Antiquity, the fceptre which the 

 ancient poets put in the hands of Bacchus, and with which 

 they fumidied the Mxnades in their Bacchanalia. 



The thyrfus was originally a lance or fpear, ^vrapped 

 up in vine leaves; with which Bacchus is faid to have 



T H Y 



armed himfelf and his foldiers in his Indian wars, to amufe' 

 and deceive the unpraftifed Indians, and make them fufpeft 

 no hoftilities. 



Hence it was afterwards borne in the feall and ficrifices- 

 of that god ; and as the Satyrs, who were Bacchus's fol- 

 diers, were fuppofed to have fought with it, it became a 

 cullom to reprcfent theni therewith. 



Thyrsus, Ori/lagni, in yincient Geography, a river of 

 the ifle of Sardinia, which ran from N. to S. and dif- 

 charged itfelf towards the W. into the fea. 



Thyrsus, in Botany, a Bunch, is a mode of inflo- 

 refcence, ne.irly allied to a Racemus, or Clufter, except 

 in being compound, in which it agrees with a Panicle. 

 Its form is more or lefs ovate, and the difpofition of the 

 brandies and fubdivifions is either oppofite or alternate ; 

 the ultimate one fometimes obfcurely umbellate. Exam- 

 ples are found in the Lilac, Syringa vulgaris, and a 

 bunch of Grapes, Vitis vinifera ; as well as in the herba- 

 ceous plants Tujjllago hybrida and Petajites. Hence it 

 appears that a Thyrfus is nothing more than a denfe or 

 clofe Panicle ; and in the examples laft cited, this mode 

 of inflorefcence adlually becomes a loofe panicle, as the 

 plant perfefts feed. See Panicula and Inflorescence. 



THYSANOTUS, dva-a.m7o~, fringed, a very defcriptive 

 name of Mr. Brown's, which he complains of Mr. Salif- 

 bury for having knowingly fupprefTed. — Brown Prodr. 

 Nov. Holl. v. I. 282. (Chlamyfporum ; Salif. Parad. 

 103.) — Clafs and order, Hexandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. 

 Coronaria, Linn. Afphodeli, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. none. Cor. inferior, of one petal, in fix 

 deep, fpreading, permanent fcgments ; the three inner 

 ones broadeft, fringed at the edges with jointed hairs ; the 

 three outennofl: externally of the texture of a calyx. 

 Statu. Filaments fix, awl-fliaped, fmooth, much (horter 

 than the calyx, inferted into its bafe ; anthers linear, in- 

 cumbent, attached by the finus at their bafe, a little un- 

 equal at the end, the three outer ones generally elongated 

 and reclining. Pijl. Germen fuperior, roundifh ; ftyle 

 thread-fhaped, declining, about the length of the ila- 

 mens ; ftigma fimple. Peric. Capfule oval, of three cells 

 and three valves, with a partition from the centre of each, 

 enveloped in the withered corolla. Seeds two in each cell, 

 one ereft, the other pendulous, roundifh, fomewhat ftalked, 

 inferted into a cup-fhaped white appendage ; albumen denfe, 

 flefhy. 



Obf. A few fpecies have only three ftamens. 

 Eff. Ch. Corolla in fix deep fegments ; the three in- 

 nermofl broadeft, fringed ; permanent. Stamens fmooth. 

 Capfule fuperior, of three cells and three valves. Seeds in- 

 pairs., with cup-fhaped appendages. 



A rather numerous genus of perennial herbaceous plants, 

 natives of different parts of New Holland. The root is 

 either fibrous, or confifts of cluflered flefhy bulbs. Stem 

 generally branched and leafy. Leaves linear, narrow, often 

 channelled, fometimes thread-fhaped, or fhortened. Flowers 

 terminal, umbellate ; rarely fcattered ; their ftalks jointed 

 in the middle. Corolla blue within ; three, at leaft, of its 

 fegments green at the back. Anthers purple ; the outer 

 ones fometimes whitifh, which in the triandrous fpecies 

 are wanting. Seeds black. The permanent corolla, and 

 fmooth filaments, principally diftinguifti this genus from 

 Mr. Brown's Arthropodium, Prodr. Nov. Holl. v. 1. 276, 

 by which it is related to the Linnjean Anthericum. The 

 learned author whom we follow defines twenty-one fpecies, 

 of which he feems doubtful whether any one has ever been 

 introduced into the Englifh gardens, at leafl fo as to bear 

 flowers ; for he thinks the figure in Parad, Lond. was done 



fron> 



