T 1 A 



fluou., and eyni Haller foUows liii example. See Se- 



"■'tHYSSUS. i.. Mci-m G^o^r.,phy, a town of Macedonia, 

 on ...ul :,boul nwiu.l Atl.os. I'll.) :.i.d TIn.cyd.des 



THYSTIUM. or TiivruM, a lo^vn of Etolia. .Suidas. 



Tl A »A. a town of Alia Minor, in Cana. Strabo. 



TIAGAR, :i town in thi; interior of Arabia Fehx, be- 

 tween I naplii and A ppa. Ptolemy. , 



TiAOAli, in Geograbhy, a town of Hindooftan, in the 

 Carnatic ; yo miles W.S.W. of Pondicherry. N. lat. 

 1 1 '42'. t. lon;r. 79^ J 2'. . , ■■ r „f 



TIAGNANUCO, a town of Peru, in the diocele ot 

 La Paz. This is a town of great antiquity, and is faid to 

 have received its name from one of the Licas. In it are 

 fome ilatucs, and a coloflal pyramid, with a variety of hu- 

 man figures cut out of (lone, which, though decayed by time, 

 appear to have belonged to fome gigantic -nation ; 36 miles 

 N.W. of La Paz. . ^ ,. 



TIAGURA, in Ancient Geography, a town ot India, 

 on this fide of the Ganges, and E. of the river Nomadus. 



Ptolcmv. 



TIANG-POTAO, in Geography, an liland ot Corea, 

 about thirty miles in circumference, in the Hoai;g-hai. N. 

 bt. 37' 20'.' E. long. 1 24" 52'. 



TIANO. See TiiEANO. 



TiANO, a fmall ifland in the North fca, near the coaftof 

 Lapland. N. lat. 68= 42'. . 



TIANTEGNIES, a town of France, in the department 

 of .Icmappc ; 6 miles S.W. of Tournay. 



TIANTON'G, a town of Upper Siam, on the Mecon ; 

 60 miles N.W . of Porfelouc. 



TIAOYU-SU, a fmall ifland in the Chinefe fea, belong- 

 ing to thofe called Lieou-kicou. N. lat. 25= 55'. E. long. 



TIARA, Uy.^x, an ornament, or habit, with which the 

 ancient Perfians covered their heads ; and which the Arme- 

 nians and kings of Pontus wear on medals : thefe laft, be- 

 canfe defcended from the Perfians. 



Latin authors call it indifferently iiarci and cldarh. 

 Strabo fays, the tiara was in form of a tower ; and the 

 i'chohall on Arillophanes's comedy, hxH''"'-) ^^ i- fcene 2. 

 affirms that it was adorned with peacocks' feathers. Some 

 moderns, however, fancy the fcholiaft is here fpeaking of the 

 cafquc which the ancient Perfians wore in war, rather than 

 of the habit which they wore on the head in the city. 



Tkc kings of Pcrfia alone had the right of wearing the 

 tiara ftraight and ercft ; the priefts and great lords wore it 

 deprelTed, or turned down on the fore-fide. Xenophon, in 

 his Cyropardia, fays that the tiara was fometimes encom- 

 paffed with the diadem, at lead in ceremonials ; and had fre- 

 quently the figure of a half-moon embroidered on it : others 

 are of opinion, that ttic diadem was in figure of a moon ; and 

 that it was hence the tiara was called lunata. Laftly, 

 others think that the tiara itfelf was made fometimes in form 

 of a half-moon. From what we have faid, it appears that 

 there were different forms of tiaras ; and, in effect, Pafcha- 

 lius, DeCoroiiis, diftinguifhes no lefs than five different kinds. 

 See Diadem. 



The tiara- was alfo an ornament belonging to the Jewifli 

 prietls. Exod. xxviii. 40. xxxix. 26. 



Tiara is alfo the name of the pope's triple crown ; an- 

 ciently called rognum. 



The tiara and keys are the badges of the papal dignity ; 

 the tiara of his civil rank, and the keys of his jurifdiftion : 

 for as foon as the pope is dead, his arms are reprefented with 

 the tiara alone, without the keys. 



The ancient tiara of the popes was a round high cap. 

 9 



T I A 



Boniface VIII. firft encompaffed it with a crown. Bone- 

 dift XII. added a fecond crown; and .lohn XXIII. a 

 third. 



Tl A.YLA\iT\5S,'\n Ancient Geography, a river of Scythia, 

 wl'icli ran into the Danube ; now the Alut. 



'^'lARE, a town of Afia Minor, in the Troade. Pliny. 



TIARELLA, in Botany, the diminutive of Tist^a, a 

 Perfian diadem, or ornament for the licad. This name alludes . 

 to the form of the feed-veffel, and was contrived by Lin- 

 nseus to preferve an analogy with Miiklla, fee that article, 



to which the prefent genus is next akin Linn. Gen. 223. 



Schreb. 301. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 659. Mart. Mill. Did. 

 V. 4. Ait. Hort. Kevv. v. 3. 72. Purfh 659. Juflf. 309. 

 Lamarck lUullr. t. 373 — Clafs and order, Decandria Di- 

 'ynia. Nat. Ord. Succulentii, Linn. Saxifragic, JufF. 



Gen. Cli. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, in five deep, 

 ovate, acute, permanent fegments. Cor. Petals five, oblong, 

 their claws infcrted into the calyx. Slam. Filaments ten, 

 capillary, longer than the corolla, inferted into the calyx ; 

 anthers incumbent, orbiculai-. Pift. Germen fuperior, cloven, 

 terminating in two very {hort ftyles ; ftigmas fimple. Peric 

 Capfule oblong, fomewhat conipreffed, of one cell and two 

 flattifh valves, one of them twice as long as the other. 

 Seeds numerous, ovate, polifhed. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx in five deep fegments. Petals fiTe, un- 

 divided, inferted into the calyx. Capfule of one cell, with 

 ■two unequal valves. 



Obf. The undivided petals, and the inequality of length 

 in the two valves of the capfule, diftinguifh this genus fi-ora 

 Mitclla. 



1. T. cordifolia. Heart-leaved Tiarella. Linn. Sp. PI. 580. 

 Willd. n. 1. Ait. n. i. Purfli n. i. Lamarck as above. - 

 (Cortufa americana, flore fpicato, petalis intcgris ; Herm. 

 Parad. 1 29, without a figure. ) — Leaves heart-fiiaped, acutely 

 lobod, with pointed teeth. Clu.fl:er fimple, ovate — Native 

 of the fhady woods of Canada, and the high mountains of 

 New York and Pennfylvania, flowering in April and May. 

 Purjli. It is hardy in our gardens, flowering at the fame 

 feafxjn, but chiefly preferved in the more curious coUeftions 

 only. The root is tuberous, with many blackifh fibres, 

 perennial. Learns feveral, all radical, light green, hairy, 

 elegantly lobed and veined, acute, about an inch and half 

 in diameter, on ereft, fimple, hiaTy footjlallts, thrice as much 

 in length. Flo'wer-Jlalk radical, mofUy folitary, unbranched, 

 hairy, taller than the leaves, bearing a fimple downy clufl;er, 

 an inch long, of ab«ut twenty fmall, delicate, Vsh\te Jlotuers, 

 which is fubfequently elongated as the fruit ripens. The 

 capfules then become deflexed, two-lipped, nbbed, fmooth, 

 and fliining. It is wonderful that every author (liould per- 

 fifl in quoting, after Linnsus, the plate of Hermann's Para- 

 difits, which is evidently Heuchcra americana, and is men- 

 tioned under the name of Cortufa americana, flore fquallide 

 purpureo, in the text of the fame work, p. 1 3 i ; where alfo 

 this figure is referred to. The editor, having committed a 

 double blunder, in the title of the plate and its reference, 

 i3oinlleadof 131, is in fome meafure refponfible for the 

 miftake ; which however the compound panicle, and clofed 

 calyx, ought to have fooner correfted. 



2. T. Menzlefi. Slender-fpiked Tiarella. Purfh n. 2.— 

 " Leaves ovate-heartlliaped, acute, toothed, with Ihallow 

 lobes ; thofe of the flem alternate, remote. Cluftfr thread- 

 fhaped, fomewhat fpiked. Calyx tubular." — G.ithered by 

 Mr. Menzies, on the north-weft coait of America. Perennial. 

 More than a foot high, with five or fix alternate leaves on 

 theflem. Purfl:i. 



3. T. trifoliata. Three-leaved Tiarella. Linn. Sp. Pl. 580. 

 Willd. n. 2. Purfh n. 3. (Mitella foliis ternatis ; Linn. 



Am. 



