T I B 



T I B 



the river the corn and alfo tlie trees which grew in this field. 

 Thefe materials, united with the mud brouglit down by the 

 river, formed an ifland, on which were built feveral temples 

 r.nd porticoes. 



TiBERiNA Regio, a country of Afia, in Cappadocia, where 

 was a place named Ariarzus. 



TIBERIOPOLIS, atownofAfia, in Phrygia Major. 

 Pto!. — Alfo, a town of Bulgaria, upon the coaft of the 

 Euxine fea. 



TIBERIS, or Tiber, a river of Italy, which had its 

 fource in llie Apennines, towards a place called Tifcrnum 

 Tibai'inum. Its courfe was firft towards the S. pafling by 

 Perufia, as far as Tuder, where it turned towards the S.W. 

 as far as the Volfinii. Having received the Clanis, it turned 

 towards the S.E., received the Nar at Hortanum, and con- 

 tinued in this diredlion as far as a point that lies between 

 Capena and Cures. AiTuming a direftion towards the S., 

 it pafied to Rome, and then proceeded towards the S.W. 

 to the fea before Oflia, ». e. the mouths, of which it has 

 many. This river was inconfiderable till it reached Hor- 

 tanum ; but afterwards it was augmented by the Nar, the 

 Valinus, and the Anio, fo that at Rome it was large and 

 deep. The ancients, by way of enhancing its celebrity, re- 

 prefent it as receiving twenty other rivers ; but under this 

 ■g-eneral denomination they mud comprehend feveral finall 

 ftreams. It was called by various names. 



TIBERIUS Claudius Nero, in Biography, a Roman 

 emperor, fo called after his father, his mother's name being 

 Livia DrufiUa, was born in the year B.C. 42. He was at 

 E.n early age fo well inftrufted in Greek and Roman litera- 

 ture, as to be able, when nine years old, to pronounce a fu- 

 neral oration for his father, which gained great applaufe. 

 His temper was naturally referved and gloomy, and yet, 

 with the advice of his mother Livia, who was married to 

 Auguftus, he conduced the ufual fpeftacles with a magni- 

 ficence which gave fatisfaftion to the Roman people. His 

 firft appearance in a military charafter was as a tribune in 

 the Cantabrian war ; he next fuftained the office of com- 

 mander-in-chief in placing Tigranes on the Armenian throne, 

 and on his return was made praetor. He was afterwards 

 fent to join his brother Drufus, and gained a decifive viftory 

 over the Rhetians and Vindelicians. He became conful in 

 the twenty-eighth year of his age, and thus rapidly ad- 

 vanced to the rank which, as the emperor's ftep-fon, he was 

 likely to obtain, and his elevation was accelerated by the 

 death of Agrippa, B.C. 22. Previoufly to his being ad- 

 mitted into a partnerihip of the empire, Auguftus obliged 

 him to divorce his wife Vifpania, the daughter of Agrippa, 

 and the objeft of his choice and afFeftion, and to marry his 

 ■own daughter Julia, of doubtful reputation. 



The next objeft of his military career was the reduftion of 

 the Pannonians, in confequence of which he \\'as honoured 

 with triumphal ornaments. From his fuccefsful profecution 

 of the war in this part of the empire he was fuddenly called to 

 attend his brother Drufus in his laft moments : and he after- 

 wards accompanied his remains on foot in a funeral pro- 

 ceflion to Italy. After his viftories had been celebrated by 

 an ovat on, lie was deputed to make peace in Germany, and 

 being a fecond time made conful, B.C. 7, he triumphed 

 on the day when he took polTeflion of his dignity. At the 

 expiration of the year, Auguftus conferred upon him the 

 tribunitial power for five years. At this time Caius, one 

 of the emperor's adoptive fons, though under age, was 

 raifed to the pontificate, and introduced into the fenate. 

 Jealous of Caius as a rival, and difgufted by the open gallan- 

 tries of his wife Julia, he refolvcd to aflc permiflion to with- 

 draw from public bufinefs, and to live in retirement at the 

 Vol. XXXV. 



idand of Rhodes. Accordingly he failed for Rliodef. His 

 wife's conduft became fo notorious, that fl»e was baniOied 

 by her father to the ifle of Pandataria, and divorced from 

 her huft)and. Having obtained leave of tiie emperor, though 

 reluftantly granted, to return from Rhodes to Rome, he 

 hvcd privately till the death of the two Cacfars, Caius and 

 Lucius, opened to him new profpefts. The emperor, 

 whofe declining age needed an aflbciate, adopted Tiberius 

 A.D. 4, renewing his tribunitian power, and then placing 

 him next to himfclf in the empire. Having brought the 

 war againft the Pannonians and Dalmatians, as much by 

 policy as by force, to an honourable termination, he obtained 

 a triumph, A.D. 9 ; and as a rccompence of other fervices, 

 his tribunitian authority was prolonged : but the emperor 

 terminating his life at Nola, Tiberius, without oppotition, 

 fucceeded to the empire, in the fifty-fifth year of his age. 

 Paft experience had taught liim the art of diffimulation, 

 and this art he praftifed during the progrefs of his 

 reign. Although he was very jcalouj of his authority, he 

 was moderate in the exercife of it, and always paid great 

 deference to the fenate, and refpeft to the confuls. He was 

 zealous in the adminiftration of juftice, and avoided op- 

 preffive impofts even in the moft diftant provinces, for which 

 he had the lefs occafion, as he was not avaricious of money ; 

 a virtue which, as Tacitus fays, he retained, when he had 

 renounced all others. To which we may add, that he was 

 munificent in his relief of pubhc calamity and private dif- 

 trefs. Thefe qualities, combined with his found fenfe, ren- 

 dered the earlier part of his reign as profperous as perhaps 

 any in the annals of the empire. 



The popularity of Germanicus rendered Tiberius jealous, 

 and vigilant of his conduft ; and in order to reftrain his au- 

 thority, he employed Pifo, a man of ancient family and im- 

 perious fpirit, as his fubordinate agent for this purpofe. 

 Germanicus, however, died of a lingering difeafe, and Pifo 

 was fufpefted, if not aecufed, of having given him poifon. 

 Pifo was impeached in the fenate for his conduft towards 

 Germanicus. In the courfe of his trial, Tiberius afted 

 with apparent impartiality ; but the aecufed, defpairing of 

 an acquittal, put an end to his own life. Tiberius, in the 

 feventh year of his reign, withdrew from Rome to Cam- 

 pania, in order to accuftom Drufus, who was then conful, 

 to the exercife of the fupreme power. Notwithftanding 

 feveral inftances, in which he manifefted a moderate exercife 

 of power, a ftern unfeeling tyranny was becoming the 

 fettled charafter of his reign, to which his growing con- 

 fidence in the deteftable Sejanus very much contributed. 

 The death of Drufus, A.D. 23, occafioned by poifon, ad- 

 miniftered in confequence of the feduftion of his wife, was 

 borne by his father Tiberius with a degree of felf-pofteflion, 

 which was imputed to want of natural affeftion. After this 

 event he appeared in the fenate : and the two elder fons of 

 Germanicus were prefented to him. Taking them by the 

 hand, and delivering a fpeech which melted the whole af- 

 fembly into tears, he recommended thefe orphans, vi'ho had 

 loft both their uncle and father, to the guardianihip of the 

 fenate. Two years after the death of Drufus, Tiberius 

 took an opportunity, which a propofal for erefting a temple 

 to him and his mother afforded him, of giving his fentimenls 

 on that deification which difgraced the reigns of the Roman 

 emperors. Recognizing himfelf as a mere mortal, fubjeft 

 to all the infirmities of the human condition, and fufficiently 

 honoured in holding the firft place among men, he was dc- 

 firous that pofterity fliould know his fentimcnts on the fub- 

 jpft, and that he wiflicd for no other honours paid to his 

 memory than to be thought to have worthily performed the 

 duties of hisftation. The whole fpeech, replete with xvif- 

 4 I dom 



