T I 1? 



dom and good fcnfi-. is nportcd by Tacitus. His defign 

 ot' ix-tiring frum the capital, i-iicoarai;i.d for fclfilh purpolcs 

 b) Scjanus, was put into execution A.D. 26. Accordingly 

 he withdrew into the ifle of Caprcx, near the bay of Naples. 

 Here he palTed liis remaiuiiig years, Immcrfed in grofs and 

 mfiraous debauchery, hating mankind, fcarcely known to 

 exift but by his cruelties, and rendering himfelf, in direft 

 oppoClion to his own maxims, " let them hate, provided 

 they cllcem me," no Icfs contemptible than odious. It 

 ought to be mentioned, however, that in a conflagration 

 which confumed a large quarter of Rome, he difplayed a 

 Tcry laudable and fpontaneous munificence. For an account 

 of his connection with Sejanus, and of the effcAs and ter- 

 mination of that conneftion, we refer to the article Sejanus. 

 Tlic latter part of Tiberius's reign was marked by fervility 

 on one hand, and defpotic ferocity on the other ; and it ap- 

 pears by one of his letters to the fenate, that he fuffered as 

 much mifery from the aiiguifli of felf-reproach and tumult 

 of mind as lie inflicted : " What I fli.-dl write to you, con- 

 fcript fathers, or wliat I (hall not write, or why I fhould 

 write at all at this time, may the gods and goddelTes plague 

 me more tlun I feel daily that they are doing, if I can tell ! " 

 Wliat mental torture it mull have been, fays Tacitus, that 

 could have extorted fuch a confeflion. Some few occafional 

 i£ts of wifdom and munificence brightened in a faint de- 

 give the black picture that was exhibited by his general 

 conduct. Towards the clofe of life, and at an advanced 

 age, the appointment of a fucccflbr engaged his attention. 

 He had two alternatives ; the one was the nomination of 

 Caius, his grandfon, the fon of Germanicus, who was his 

 adopted fon ; and the otiier, the appointment of Gemellus, 

 the fon of Drufus, who was his fon by nature. The former 

 wai of mature age, being now twenty-five, and polTefled of 

 popular favour. The diflimulation of this afpirant to the 

 empire had not eluded the penetration of Tiberius. See 

 Caliglla. 



Tiberius, leaving Caprex, frequently changed his abode, 

 and at lall flopped at a country -houfe, which had belonged 

 to Lucullus, near the promontory of Mifenum. There, 

 on March i6lh, A.D. 37, he funk into a Jlate, in which he 

 appeared dead ; upon which Caius, with indecorous preci- 

 pitance, proceeded with a numerous efcort to feize pofleffion 

 of the empire : but his revival tlxrew them all into confufion. 

 At this inllant Macro, the pretorian prefeft, caufed him to 

 be fuffocated with pillows. He died in the feventy-eighth 

 year of his age, and twenty-third of his reign, univerfally 

 execrated ; and his predominant vices were fuch, that they 

 have almoll effaced the records of his laudable qualities. 

 Tacitus. Suetonius. Crevier. 



Tiberius Constantine, emperor of the Eaft, was a 

 Tiracian by birth, and by olHce captain of the guards to 

 .Tuftin H. By the recommendation of the emprefs Sophia, 

 he was raifed to the rank of Ca;far A.D. 574, and in 578, 

 when Juflin died, fncceeded to the imperial throne. Sophia, 

 attached to his perfon, had flattered herfelf with the hope 

 of his being her fecond hufband ; but on his acceffion to 

 the empire, it appeared that he had been previoufly married 

 to Anallafia, who was proclaimed Augufla. Sophia, thus 

 difappointed, concurred in a confpiracy for raifing to the 

 purple Juilinian, commander of the eaftern army ; but the 

 plot bcmg difcovered, Sophia was puniflied by lofing the 

 greateft part of her allowance. The government of Ti- 

 berius has been favourably reprefented. He was temperate, 

 JuR, and humane ; economical in the difburfemcnt of the re- 

 venue, yet hberal and beneficent, and ready to remit the 

 dues of taxation to fufferers under public calamity. The 

 pnncipal events of his reign were two vidories over the Per. 



T I B 



fi,ins. Soon after the fecond victory, Tiberius fell into a 

 difeafe, during which he declared Maurice, who had married 

 his daughter Conllantia, and who had been nominated Cg;far, 

 his fuccelTor : and after a reign of four years, he clofed Ihs 

 life in 5^2, with the general regret of his fubjefts. Anc. 

 Un. Hill. Gibbon's Rom. Emp. 



TIBESTI, in Geography, a town of Africa, on the 

 route from Fezzan to Bornou, inhabited by the people 

 called Til/l/o (which fee); Ijo miles S.E. of Mourzouk. 

 The vales of Tibelli are fertile in corn, and paflurage for 

 cattle, of which they have numerous herds ; and they are 

 particularly celebrated for their breed of camels, which are 

 efleemed the beft in Africa. For this fertility they are irt- 

 debted to the water of the innumerable fprings, that amply 

 compenfate for the want of rain, which feldom, if ever, 

 falls within the limits of Tibefli. Among the natives of 

 Tibelli, different religions are profefFed ; for fome of them 

 are Mahometans, and others continue attached to their an- 

 cient fyflem of idolatry. From the plain, which lies to the 

 W. of the defert of Tibefli, a part of the mountains of 

 Tibefli take their rife. Thefe vail hills, the range of 

 which] is very extenfive, are varioufly peopled : but fuch of 

 them as are crofTed on the route from Fezzan to the city 

 of Bornou, are inhabited by a mixture of MufTulmen and 

 idolaters, who employ themfelves in breeding camels and 

 affes, and other cattle, particularly horfes of a fmall fize. 

 TIBET. See Thibet. 



TIBI, a town of Arabia, in the country of Oman ; 

 8 miles N. of Kalhat. 



TIBIA, in Anatomy, the large bone of the leg. See 

 Extremities. 



Tibia, FraSures of the. See Fracture. 

 Tibia Bleeps. See Bicep.s. 



Tibia, in Mujic, was originally a flute, made of the 

 fhank or fhin-bone of an animal ; and when the art of bor- 

 ing flutes was difcovered, they were made of box-tree, 

 laurel, brafs, filver, and even of gold. See Fh;te. 

 Tibia Artuularis. See Bagpipe. 



Dr. Burney (Hill. Muf. vol. i. p. 521.) apprehends 

 that the union of this inflrument with the fyrinx fuggefled 

 the firfl idea of an organ. 



TlBliE Pares el Impares, in the Dramatic MuJic of the 

 Ancients. It has been long doubted, whether pares and 

 impares meant double and fingle flutes, or equal and un- 

 equal in point of length and fize. But though in pre- 

 ferring either of thefe acceptations, fome fenfe and mean- 

 ing is acquired, yet we fhould incline to the latter. For in 

 none of the reprefentatious in ancient painting or fculpture, 

 which we have yet feen, does it appear that the tibicen, either 

 at facrifices or in the theatre, plays on a fingle flute, though 

 we as often fee double flutes of different lengths in his hands, 

 as of the fame length ; and as harmony, or mufic in different 

 parts, does not appear to have been praCtifed by the an- 

 cients, the flutes of equal length may naturally be fuppofed 

 to imply unifons ; and unequal, fuch as are odlaves to each 

 other. 



TIBIALIA, among the Romans, a kind of fwaths 

 with which they ufed to cover their legs. 



TIBIALIS, in Anatomy, a name applied to various 

 organs fituated in the neighbourhood of the tibia. There 

 is an anterior and a poflerior tibial artery, an anterior and 

 pofterior tibial nerve (fee Artery and Nerve), and the 

 two following mufcles. 



Tibialis Anticus, jambier anterieur, tibio-fus-tarfien ; 

 an elongated mufcle, flattened at the fides, placed on the 

 front of the leg, and extending from the upper end of the 

 tibia to^the firft cuneiform bone. It is covered in front by 



the 



