T I B 



T I B 



the aponeuroGs *of the leg, to wliich it adheres clofely at 

 the upper part : the anterior furface of the muftle forms 

 the convexity on the outfide of the tibia, which is more 

 confiderable in llrong miifcular fubjetls. The inner flat 

 furface corrcfponds to tiie outer or concave furiace of the 

 tibia, and is attached to its upper half: the outer lurface 

 corrcfponds above to the extenfor 'longus digitorum pedis, 

 below, to the extenfor longus poUicis pedis : the anterior 

 tibial yeiTels and nerve being interpofcd. The pollerior 

 edge of the mufcle is attached to tlie upper three -fourths 

 of the interoifeous ligament, then it lies on the front of the 

 tibia, on the ankle joints, and on the up])er and inner part 

 of the tarfus. The upper extremity of the mufcle is fixed 

 to the front of the external tuberofity of the tibia ; thence it 

 defcends parallel to tlie tibia, firft increafuig in fize, then 

 diminilliing again, and ending about the lower third of the 

 leg in a thick and flat tendon, which defcends over the 

 front of the tibia, and of the ankle, confined by the fupe- 

 rior annular ligament of the tarfus. (See Fascia.) Hav- 

 ing pafTed this ligament, the tendon paflcs forwards on the 

 foot, then turns obliquely inwards, becoming a little 

 broader, over the convexity of the firft cuneiform bone, 

 and divides into two portions. The pofterior, which is the 

 largeft, is fixed to the inner and front pajt of the bafis of 

 that bone ; the anterior and fmaller is attached to the pof- 

 terior extremity of the firft metatarfal bone. 



The lower part of the tibialis anticus confifts of a ftrong 

 tendon, which enters tlie fubilance of the mufcle, and ex- 

 pands into an aponeurofis reaching nearly to the upper end 

 of the mufcle. The flelby fibres ai-ife from the fafcia of 

 the leg, from the external furface of the tibia, from the 

 interofTcous ligament, and from an aponeurotic feptum be- 

 tween it and the extenfor longus digitorum. They pafs 

 obliquely to both furfaces of the tendon, like the barbs on 

 the fliaft of a feather, and are continued much lower on its 

 pofterior than on the anterior furface. 



It bends the foot on tlie leg, and turns the point inwards : 

 it elevates at the fame time the whole internal edge of the 

 foot. It brings the leg forwards on the foot, and maintains 

 it in that pofition. 



Tibialis Pojlicus, jambier poftcrieur, tibio-fous-tariien, 

 is a long narrow mufcle, thicker above than below, 

 placed at the back of the leg, under the calf, and extend- 

 ing from the upper part of the tibia and fibula to the os 

 naviculaie. It is covered behind by the foleus, by the 

 flexor longus digitorum and pollicis pedis. In front it is 

 attached to nearly the whole pofterior furface of the inter- 

 ofleous ligament, and above, to the pofterior furface of the 

 tibia. On the outfide it is fixed to the fibula. Its upper 

 extremity is divided into two portions, an external and fmaller 

 attached to the fibula, an internal larger to the tibia and in- 

 teroIFeous ligament ; they are feparated by an interval, through 

 which the anterior tibial artery pafles. The mufcle de- 

 fcends parallel to the bones of the leg, and arcuated be- 

 tween them, becoming larger to its middle, from which it 

 again diminiflies ; towards the lower part of the leg it 

 forms a ftrong tendon, which runs in a groove hollowed in 

 the external malleolus, and furrounded by a fibrous fheath, 

 which feparates it from the flexor longus digitorum. In 

 this groove the tendon becomes broader : it paffes below 

 the head of the aftragalus, fwelling into a hard and nearly 

 bony fubftance, and is attached to the lower and inner part 

 of the OS naviculare, and to the bafis of the firft cuneiform 

 bone. The inferior tendon afcends into tlie mufcle, ex- 

 panding into an aponeurofis, in which the fleftiy fibres are 

 inferted obliquely on all fides from the fibula, the tibia, the 

 jnterofleous ligament, and the aponeurofis, which covers it 



from the flexor losgus digitonini. It extends the foot on 

 the leg, turning the fole and point a little inwards. It 

 will carry the leg backwards on the foot, when that is 

 fixed. 



TIBICEN, in Ancient Mufic, a flute-player. 

 TliiiCEN, in Ichthyology, a fifli of the trivia kind, called 

 by many authors lyra, or the harp-jijh ; and in fome parts 

 of England, the piper. 



The head of this fifli runs out into two broad horns, 

 which are ferrated, or befet with a fort of teeth, or fmall 

 fpines, all along their edges, which is its principal diftinc- 

 tion from tlie hirundo or fwallow-fifli. Above the gill-fins 

 it has on each fide a long and fliarp fpinc. The forehead 

 is elevated into a fort of eye-brows over the eyes : and at 

 the angles of thefe there arc fmall and (liort fpines. which 

 are long and crooked. The fide lines feel but very little 

 rough to the touch, and the forehead between the eyes is 

 not liollowed. The whole head is covered with a bony 

 cruft, which runs into two horns or fpines behind. It ha* 

 three fingers or filaments on each fide, from the roots of 

 the gill-fins ; and its jaws are rough hke files, but have no 

 diftinft teeth. The tail-tin, and the middle of the back, 

 in this fifli, arc red. It is caught in the Mediterranean, 

 and in fome other feas. In our county of Cornwall it is 

 not unfrequently caught about tlie fliores, and from the 

 noife it makes, when taken out of the water, is called the 

 piper. Ray and Willughby. 



TIBIGENSE Oppidum, in Ancient Geography, a town 

 of Africa Propria, according to Pliny ; called Thigiba by 

 Ptolemy. 



TIBIGI, in Geography, one of the rivers of the Brazils, 

 which flow into the Parana, rich in diamonds, as the few 

 families that five in its vicinity have rcafon to remtmber 

 with gratitude. Weft of this river and of Corritiva, it is 

 dangerous to land, fince in that direction are found the An- 

 thropophagi, who were driven from thefe boundaries at a 

 very recent period. The country to the N. abounds with 

 wood. 



TIBILIS, in Ancient Geography, a place of Africa, dif- 

 tant lo leagues S.W. from Hippo Regius, and i6 miles E. 

 of Cirta ; where are many ruins. 



TIBISCA, a town of Lower Moefia. Ptol. 

 TIBISCUM, one of the moll confiderable towns of 

 Dacia. Ptol. 



TIBISCUS, a river of Dacia, which ran into the 

 Danube. 



TIBISIS, a large river, which rofe in mount Hsemus, 

 and purfuing a north courfe, difcharged itfelf into the 

 Ifter. 



TIBIUM, a mountain of Afia, in Phrygia. 

 TIBOELALE, in Geography, a town on the S. coaft 

 of the ifland of Coram. S. lat. 3° 19'. E. long. 128° 45'. 

 TIBOUCHINA, in Botany, an unexplained barbarous 

 name, Aubl. Guian. 445. t. 177. Juflf. 329. The fhrub 

 which bears it is fufpefted by Schreber to be a fpccies of 

 Melastoma. ( See that article. ) We fee no reafon to 

 queftion this, though Aublet defcribes the fruit as a dry 

 capfule ; for the known Melq/loma differ greatly in the 

 degree of pulp in their berries, efpecially according to tl^e 

 period at which they are examined. 



TIBOULEN, in Geography, a fmall ifland in the Medi- 

 terranean, near the coaft of France. N. lat. 43° 15'. E. 

 long. 6° 24'. 



TIBOURBOU, in Botany, the Caribbean name of a 

 fine tree of Guiana and Cayenne, called Apelba Tibour- 

 iou in Aubl. Guian. 538. t. 213. See Aubletia and 

 Sloanea. 



4 I 2 TIDRA- 



