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TIBRACANA, m /Incuni Geography, a town of Alia, 

 i;; Uie interior of Media. Ptol. 



TIBULA, orTiBLL.i^, a town fituated on the northern 

 coaft of iko illand of Sardinia. Ptol. Iter. Anton. 



TIBULLUS, Albii-s, in Biography, a Roman poet 

 of the Auguftan age. of the cqueftrian rank, whofe native 

 place and time of birth are not afcertained. His patri- 

 mony wai much impaired, either by his own prodigality, 

 or by the de vallation of feveral wars ; but yet he does 

 not (ecm to have been diltinguidied by any tokens of the 

 liberality of Augullus and Mxccnas, the munificent patrons 

 of literature at the period in which he lived ; nor does he 

 mention tlieir names in any of his poems. M. Valerius 

 Meflala Corvi.ius, upon whom he compofed a panegyric, 

 \va» his particular friend and patron, whom he accompanied 

 in his expeditions to Alia ; but he preferred peace and re- 

 tirement in the fociety of one of thofe objefts of his affec- 

 tion whom he has celebrated in his elegies. Horace, with 

 whom he was intim.ite, has adJrcfTcJ to him an ode and an 

 cpittle, comphmenting him as a candid judge of his writings, 

 and delcribing him as potTefled of every worldly advantage. 

 It has been inferred, from an epigram of Domitius Marfus, 

 that he died about the fame time with Virgil, B.C. 19, in 

 the flower of his age. Ovid lamented his death in a beau- 

 tiful elegy, rcprefenting his mother and filler as mourners 

 at Kis funeral, and fpeaking of him as a poet of the highefl. 

 reputation. 



The poems of TibuUus are elegies comprifed in three 

 books, and a panegyric of MelTala. His fame is founded 

 on his elegies, which arc dcfcribed by one of his biogra- 

 phers as occupying, by thcteltimony of ancient and modem 

 critics, the firll clafs of fuch compofitions with regard to 

 " the appropriate qualities of elegance, tendernefs, and that 

 beautiful fimphcity, which is the charafter of real feeling." 

 Their principal fubjefts are " love and rural life." With 

 his defcription of a paffion which is illicit, he has blended 

 " more touches of a pure, and what may be termed a con- 

 jugal affeftion, than almoft any other Roman poet. His 

 language is a true example of what the Latins call terfe, 

 or neat and pohfhed. He is eafy and natural, with fcarcely 

 any mixture of learned allafion or figure." His works are 

 ufually printed with thofe of Catullus and Propertius ; but 

 of the feparate editions, the moll efteemed are thofe of 

 Brookhufius, Amft. 1708, 4to. ; of Vulpius, Patav. 1749, 

 4to. ; and of Heyne, Lipf. 1755, 1777, 8vo. Gen. 

 Biog. 



TIBUR, TlvoLl, in ^indent Geography, a town of 

 Italy, near the Anio, N.E. of Rome, in the country of 

 the Sabines. Pliny refers its origin to the age which pre- 

 ceded the fiege of Troy, and fays that its founder was 

 Tiburnus, one of the fons of Amphiariis, aflifted by his 

 two brothers, Catille and Corax. This Tiburnus was re- 

 garded after his death as a god ; and was worfhipped in a 

 wood confecrated to him, and where a temple v/as erefted 

 to his honour. But Dionyfius Halicarnaffenfis pretends 

 that it was built by the Sicuh, before this epocha. For 

 its fituation, and feme other circumftances attending it, we 

 refer to the article Tivon. 



Horace has dcfcribed in a few lines the beauties which 

 he admired in contemplating this ancient city, Od. 7. lib. i. 

 " Nothing," fays the poet, " ftruck me fo much as the houfe 

 of the relounding Albunea, the lofty cafcade of the Anio, 

 the facred wood of Tiburiuis, and the gardens irrigated by 

 unintermitting fuppliesof water." The " domus Albunea: 

 refonantis" of the poet was the folfatara or fulphureous 

 abyfs of the place, probably the crater of feme ancient 

 volcano, which perpetually difcharged a kind of gas or 



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mephitic v.ipour, that was thought to poffefs a fanative 

 quality, and to be a remedy for many diforders. Many 

 perfons reforted hither for relief; and Suetonius informs us, 

 that Auguftus alio came for the benefit of the baths 

 which the place afforded. Thefe benefits were afcribed to 

 imaginary deities, who were thought to prefide over this 

 privileged fpot. Accordingly, a monument has been dif- 

 covered, which indicated that Hygeia, the goddefs of 

 health, was worfhipped here. The vapour poffeffed alfo 3. 

 kind of infpiring quality, fo that here was a temple of the 

 Mufes ; and alfo, befides various other monuments, a temple 

 in which was an oracle. Virgil informs us how this oracle 

 was confuked. The " prsceps Anio" of Horace refers to 

 the cafcade of this river. The gardens and vineyards have 

 to this day retained their celebrity ; the wine of this canton 

 being held in high eftimation. 



Tibur was alfo famous for its temple of Hercules, which 

 had its college of priefts and curator; a beautiful portico, 

 where, according to Suetonius, Auguftus adminiilered juf- 

 tice when he refided here ; and an excellent library of whicli 

 Aulus Gellius fpeaks in his " Noftes Atticx." Tibur 

 had alfo a temple of the Sibyl, much admired for its elt- 

 gance. This place was alfo famous for other monumentr, 

 now in ruins. Towards the end of the Roman republic, 

 the adjoining territory was felefted for fuperb buildings and 

 houfes of various kinds, all diftinguilhed by their magni- 

 ficence and beauty. Of thefe, the Tiburnus of Adrian was 

 the moft colebrated. 



TIBURO, in Ichthyology, a fifh very badly and falfely 

 dcfcribed by feveral authors, and proving, on a ftridl in- 

 quiry, to be no other than the lamia or vvfhite fhark. 



The tiburo of Linnasus is a fpecies of fqualus, with a 

 very broad and heart-(haped head, found in the American 

 feas. Linnaeus queries, whether it is not a variety of the 

 zygisna, or hammer-headed fiiark. 



TIBURON, in Geography, a town and bay on the S.W. 

 coaft of Hifpaniola, near Cape Tiburon. — Alfo, a fmall 

 ifland in the Pacific ocean, difcovered by Magellan in 1520. 

 It is varioufly laid down in maps. S. lat. 9°, 13°, 14°, 15°, 

 and 17°. 



TIBURONES, or Main Cape Reef, two fmall idands, 

 furrounded with rocks, near the coaft of Honduras. N. lat. 

 15° 10'. W. long. 82'' 8'. 



TICADEE, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 

 Ruttunpour ; 15 miles N. of Dumdah. 



TICAL, in Commerce, a weight for gold and filver, and 

 alfo a money of account in certain parts of the Eaft Indies, 

 particularly at Pegu and Siam. At Pegu, the weight of 

 filver, under this denomination, is divided into 16 toques or 

 touch. Gold and filver are here vv-eighed by the tical, and 

 their finenefs is exprefTed by the parts called touch. The 

 tical weighs 45 pagodas, or 2373- Englilh grains. The 

 commercial weights are the vis of 100 ticals or tuals, and 

 the candy of 100 vis. From the above weight of the tical, 

 the candy (hould weigh 5085 lbs. ; neverthelefs the English 

 reckon it at 6 maunds 28 feers of the Bengal faftory, or 

 500 lbs. avoirdupois. 



At Siam, the accounts are kept in catties, tales, ticals or 

 tuals, miams, fouangs, and cowries. The catty is =: 20 

 tales, the tale :.= 4 ticals =16 miams := 32 fouangs; and 

 the fouang is = 800 cowries. The coins are gold ticals, 

 which pafs for ten filver ticals ; filver ticals, miams, fouangs, 

 and fompeias, the latter being the fourth part of a fouang. 

 The filver tical weighs 225^ Engliih grains, and being from 

 II oz. 4 dwt. to II oz. 12 dwt. fine, is worth from zgj. 

 to 30</. fterbng ; but thefe coins are often adulterated ; 

 2 ticals pafs commonly for i Spanifh dollar, and 2| ticals for 



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