T 1 E 



T I E 



Gottingcn. In 1767 he fettled at Gottingen, and here he 

 renounced the ftudy of theology, becaufe he difapproved 

 tlie fyftem there taught, and applied to matheniatics, claf- 

 lical literature, and pliilofophy. In the winter of 1769 he 

 fixed iiis refidcnce in Livonia, as tutor to a nobleman of that 

 country ; and whilll he was there, he publilhed at Riga, in 

 1772, his " Elfay on the Origin of Language." After 

 vifiting his native place in the following year, he went to 

 Gottingen, and formed an acquaintance with the celebrated 

 Hcyne, who wrote a preface to his " Syftem of the Stoic 

 Philofophy," and perfuaded him to publiOi it. By the 

 recommendation of this learned friend, he was appointed 

 profeffor of ancient literature in the CaroUne college at 

 Caflel, of which office he took poflcffion in 1766. His in- 

 tervals of leifure were employed in the ihidy of philofophy 

 and its hiftory ; and alfo in preparing for the prefs his 

 " Inveltigation of Man," " The FirR Philofophcrs of 

 Greece, &c." and his " Spirit of Speculative Philofophy." 

 Upon the difTolution of the Caroline college in 1786, he oc- 

 cupied the chair of philofophy at Marpurg, and his ledtures 

 were very popular. He was an oppofer of Kant's philo- 

 fophy : and he indulged himfelf in ridiculing the extrava- 

 gant pretenfions or pious arrogance of the founders of 

 lects. Although his conftitution was robuft, he was car- 

 ried off by a fever and inflammation of the lungs, in May 

 1803, at the age of 55. As a literary charadler, he was 

 intimately converfant with the Uterature of Greece and 

 Rome, and with all the fyftems of ancient and modern phi- 

 lofophy, as well as the manners and cuftoms of ancient and 

 modern times. His extenfive erudition appears in his 

 " Argumenta Platonis," annexed to the edition of Plato, 

 printed at Deux-Ponts ; in his prize effay, entitled " Difpu- 

 tatio de Quseftione quae fuerit magicarum artium origo," 

 and in various other differtations. In philofophy he was 

 in early life a dogmatift, and in the latter period of his life 

 inclined to fcepticifm. His works, which, befides thofe 

 already mentioned, were numerous, and relate chiefly to the 

 hiftory of philofophy, and its different fyftems, afford ample 

 evidence of his affiduity and labour. Monthly Magazine. 

 Gen. Biog. 



TIEFENSEE, in Geography, a town of Pruffia, on a 

 lake of the fame name ; 20 miles S. of Brandenburg. 



TIEFF, a town of Pruffia, in the province of Barten- 

 land ; 7 miles S.E. of Angerburg. 



TIEFFENAW, a town of Pruffian Pomereha ; 15 

 miles S. of Marienburg. 



TIELLEN-HEAD, a cape of the county of Donegal, 

 on the weft coaft of Ireland. N. lat. 54° 41'. W. 

 long. 8° 40'. 



TIEM, a townof Afia, in the kingdom of Laos, on the 

 Mecom ; 90 miles S.S.E. of Lantchan. 



TIEN, or Lien, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in 

 Quang-tong ; 960 miles S. of Peking. N. lat. 24° 50'. 



E. long. 111° 49' Alfo, a town of Corea ; 25 miles 



N.N.E. of King-ki-tao. — Alfo, a city of China, of the 

 fecond rank, in Quang-fi, on the north fide of the Pofoi : 

 J 120 miles S.S.W. of Peking. N. lat. 23° 46'. E. long. 

 106° 19'. 



TIEN-CHAN, a town of Corea ; 53 miles W.N.W. of 

 Han-tcheou. 



TIENEN. See Tirlemont. 



TIENGEN, or Thiengen, or Thungen, a town of 

 Germany, in the principality of Klettgau, on the Wutach, 

 formerly, with its diftrift, conftituting a lordfhip ; 29 miles 

 E. of Balo. N. lat. 47° 42'. E. long. 8° 17'. 



TIENHOVEN, a town of HoUand, on the Leek ; 



6 miles S. of Schoouhoven. — Alfo, a town of Utrecht ; 



7 miles N. of Utrecht. 



TIEN-SING, a great port of China, on the river Pci-ho. 

 Its Chincfe name literally fignifies " heavenly fpot ;" and in 

 the time of Marco Paolo, when it is fuppofed to have been 

 much larger than at prcfent, it was called " Citta Celefte :" 

 and it is faid to have a claim on this appellation from its 

 fituation in a genial climate, fertile foil, dry air, and ferenc 

 fl<y. It is the general emporium for the northern pro- 

 vinces of China, and is built at the confluence of two rivers, 

 from which it rifes in a gentle flope. The palace of the 

 governor ftands on a projetiing point, commanding a broad 

 bafon, or cxpanfe of water, produced by the union of 

 the rivers, and almoft covered with vefl'els of different 

 iizes. Thcfc two rivers are the Pei-ho and the Yun- 

 leang-ho, or grain-bearing river, from the quantities of 

 wheat conveyed upon it from the province of Shan-fee, 

 and fent up by the Pei-ho to the neighbourhood of Peking. 

 Over thefe rivers, where they unite, is a bridge of boats : 

 and along the quays were fome temples and other handfome 

 edifices, but the reft confifted chiefly of (hops for the retail 

 of goods, and alfo warehoufes, together with yards, and 

 magazines for maritime ftores. The houfes at Tien-fing 

 are chiefly built of brick, of a leaden-blue colour. Few 

 are red : the pooreft are pale brown. Many of the houfes 

 are two ftories high. 



TIEN-TCHA, or Netu Gibraltar, a mountain of Cochin- 

 china, which forms the harbour of Turon ; which fee. 



TIENTONG, a town of Siam ; 350 miles N.N.W. of 

 Juthia. 



TIEN-TSANG, a town of Thibet ; 268 mUes E.S.E. 

 of Hami. 



TIEPOLO, Giovanni Batista, in Biography, was 

 one of the laft of the eminent Venetian painters. He was 

 born at Venice in 1697, and was a fcholar of G. Lazza- 

 rini ; but he afterwards ftudied the works of P. Veronefe. 

 He poffeffed a quick invention, and great freedom of hand, 

 and was admirably qualified for the execution of large 

 frefco works upon ceilings, &c. ; where great facility of 

 handling, and richnefs of colouring, will often apologize 

 for the want of higher qualities, particularly in allegoric 

 or grotefque fubjefts. Tiepolo was employed in many of 

 the palaces in Italy, but moft honoured by the employment 

 he received from the king of Spain, who engaged him to 

 adorn his palace at Madrid. He died at Madrid in 1770, 

 at the age of 73. He etched many of his own defigns 

 with great neatnefs and tafte. 



TIER, in Sea Language, the name of the feveral ranges 

 of guns mounted on one fide of a ftiip's deck ; which, ac- 

 cording as they are placed on the lower, middle, or upper 

 decks, are called the lower, middle, or upper tier. 



Tier of the Cable, denotes a range of the fakes or wind- 

 ings of the cable, which are laid within one another in an 

 horizontal pofirion, fo as that the laft becomes the inner- 

 moft. 



Tier Cable, is the hollow fpace in the middle of a cable, 

 when it is coiled. 



Tier, in Organ-Building, is ufed to diftinguifh the differ- 

 ent ranks or ranges of pipes (as a tier of guns in men of 

 war) in the front of the inftrument, and even in the interior of 

 the cafe, when the compound Hops have feveral ranks of 

 pipes, as the fefquialter, furniture, and cornet. 



TIERBY, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the pro- 

 vince of Halland ; 6 miles S.E. of Helmftadt. 



TIERCE', a town of France, in the department of the 

 Mayne and Loire ; 3 miles S. of Chateauneuf. 



Tierce, or Teirce, in Commerce, a meafure of liquid 

 II things, 



