r 1 G 



TIGNARES, a town of Brafil, and chief pla«e in tlie 

 captainfttip of Rio Grande. 



TIGNES. a town of France, in the department of 

 Mont Blanc ; 3 miles S.E. of St. Maurice. 



TIGR.'\, in jlnciitt Geography, a town of Lower Moe- 

 fia, on the route from Viminiacum to Nicomedia, between 

 Exantaprillis and Appiaria. Anton. Itin. 



TIGRAH, in Geograbhs, a town of Hindooftan, in Ba- 

 har ; 40 miles E.S.E. of Hajypour. N. lat. 25° 28'. E. 



long. 86' 7'. r , r • 



TIGRANA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 the interior of Media. Ptol. 



TIGRANAAMA, a town of Afia, in the Greater Ar- 

 mcnia, and one of thofe which were fituated to the E. of 

 the foarces of the^igris. Ptol. 



TIGRANES, the Great, in Biography, king of Ar- 

 menia, aftjr having been delivered by his father as a hoftage 

 to the Parthians, was liberated and alTiimcd the crown about 

 the year B.C. 93. Having formed an alliance with Mithri- 

 ditcs, king of Pontus, againd the Romans, he married 

 Cleopatra, daughter of that prince ; and, agreeably to the 

 terms of his alliance, he' reduced Cappadocia, and caufed 

 Ariarathes, the fon of Mithridates, to occupy tlic throne 

 inftead of Ariobarzanes, who was fupported by the Romans. 

 Soon after this event, Tigrancs was offered the crown of 

 Syria, and accepted it B.C. 83 ; and when he had taken 

 pofTeflion of the kingdom, governed it for many years by a 

 lieutenant. He then invaded Leffer Armenia, and com- 

 pletely ruined it in the courfe of one campaign. Having 

 made various other conquells, he founded the city of Ti- 

 granocerta, on the fpot in Armenia where he had received 

 the crown. He afterwards joined Mithridates, his father-in- 

 law, in a war againit the Romans ; but when Mithridates, 

 •ifter having been defeated by LucuUus, took refuge in Ar- 

 menia^Jie was coldly received by Tigranes, who granted him 

 a caftle for his refidence, with a royal allowance. By a 

 feries of fubfequent adventures, which proved fuccefsful, 

 Tigranes was fo elated, that he affumed the title of king 

 of kings, and exafted from all who approached him 

 tokens of the mod humiliating reverence. A change how- 

 ever in his fituation was rapidly approaching ; for Lu- 

 cuUus, the Roman general, having reduced the kingdom 

 of Po'itus, availed himfelf of a preconcerted circumftance 

 for marching in a holUle manner into Armenia, and laid 

 fiege to Tigranocerta. Tigranes advanced to its relief; 

 but meeting with LucuUus at the head of a fmall army, 

 an engagement enfued, the refult of which was the pu- 

 fiUanimous flight of Tigranes, and the difperfion of his 

 numerous army ; and though he received confiderable 

 fuccour from Mithridates, and levied frefh troops, he 

 could not prevent the furrender of Tigranocerta to Lu- 

 cuUus ; and this furrender was foUowed by a fignal defeat 

 of the united forces of Mithridates and Tigranes ; upon 

 which the latter prince withdrew to the remoteft part of his 

 dominions. When Pompey fucceeded LucuUus in the com- 

 mand of the Roman army, Mithridates and Tigranes, 

 availing themfelves of an interval of inaction, recovered Ar- 

 menia and a great part of Pontus ; but their fuccefs was in- 

 terrupted by the rebeUion of the fon of Tigranes, who took 

 up arms againft his father ; but being defeated, he fought 

 refuge in Parthia, and perfuaded Phraates, the fovereign of 

 that country, to declare war againft the Armenians. Phraates, 

 with a numerous army under his command, compelled Ti- 

 granes to withdraw to the mountains, and befieged his ca- 

 pital Artaxata. The younger Tigranes being left in com- 

 mand of the Parthian army, was defeated by his father, who 

 raifed the fiege of Artaxata. Tigranes afterwards joined 



TIG 



the Romans, anJ condufted Pompey into Armenia againll 

 his father. Unable to refift this invafion, he determined to 

 furrender himfelf to Pompey, and to confide in his gene- 

 rofity. Upon being introduced to the prefence of the Ro- 

 man general, he took off his diadem, and proftrated himfelf 

 at Pompey's feet. Pompey raifed him, and replaced the 

 roval diadem ; and in compromifing the difpute between 

 the father and fon, reftored to the former the kingdom of 

 Armenia, and the greateft part of Mefopotamia, but im- 

 pofed upon him a fine of 6000 talents for making war upon 

 the Roman people. He was alfo obliged to refign the crown 

 of Syria, which he had held for eighteen years, and likewife 

 the provinces of Cappadocia and Cilicia. From this time 

 Tigranes was received as a friend and ally of the Roman 

 people, and by maintaining their friendfhip, he was enabled 

 to retain his dominions in peace to the end of his bfe, which 

 terminated in the eighty-fifth year of his age. Anc. Un. 

 Hift. 



TIGRANOCERTA, Sered, in Ancient Geography, a 

 town of Afia, in Greater Armenia, at fome diitance to the 

 left of the Tigris, on the river Nicephorius, and N.W. of 

 its mouth in the Tigris. This town was built by Tigranes, 

 in the time of the Mitliridatic war. According to Plutarch, 

 it was large, liandfome, populous, powerful, and rich. 

 Tacitus reports that Tigranocerta was fituated on an emi- 

 nence, nearly furroundcd by the Nicephorius, and that it 

 was well fortified and garrifoned. 



. TIGRE, in Geography, a fmall ifland in the Pacific ocean, 

 at the entrance into AmapaUa bay. N. lat. 13° 10'. W. 

 long. 88° 44'. 



TiGRE, a province of Abyffinia, about 200 miles in 

 length, and 120 in breadth. What in a fpecial manner 

 makes the riches of Tigre, is, that it lies neareft the market, 

 which is Arabia ; and all the merchandize deftined to crofs 

 the Red fea muft pafs through this province, fo that the 

 governor has the choice of all commodities wherewith to 

 make his market. The ftrongeft male, the mod beautiful 

 female, the pureft gold, the largeft teeth of ivory, all muft 

 pafs through his hand. 



TIG RID I A, in Botany, the Flos Tigridis of old authors, 

 fo caUed from its beautifully fpotted corolla, refembhng the 

 fliin of a tiger, or rather of a leopard or lynx. This fine 

 Mexican plant, being known to fyftematic botanifts from 

 early engravings only, did not find a place in their arrange- 

 ments,~ till Mutis fent a drawing of it to Linnsus, under 

 the name of Pavonia, in honour of one of his ableft pupils, 

 Pavon, as appears by his letters ; and not, as fome have fup- 

 pofed, becaufe of any relemblance in the fpots of the flower 

 to a peacock's tail. Being judged a Ferraria, it was re- 

 ferred to that genus in the Supplementum ; but Juffieu, and 

 after him Mr. Gawler, has rellored the genus of Mutis, 

 under the above name, there being another Pavonw, which 

 the reader may fee in its proper place. — Juff. Gen. 57. 

 Gawler, (now Ker Bellenden,) in Sims and Kon. Ann. of 

 Bot. V. I. 246. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 4. 137. (Ferraria; 

 Lamarck lUuftr. t. 569.) — Clafs and order, Monadelphta 

 Triandria. Nat. Ord. Enjatte, Linn. Gawler. Irides, 

 Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Common Sheath two-edged, of two compreffed 

 pointed valves ; partial ones fmaller, two-ranked, alternate, 

 fingle-fiowered. Perianth none. Cor. fuperior, regular, of 

 fix petals ; the three outermoll ovate-oblong, acute, con- 

 cave at the bafe ; {lightly contrafted towards the middle : 

 three innermoil much fmaller, oblong-fiddle-fhaped, pointed, 

 convex,^ recurved, haftate at the bafe. Stam. Filaments 

 three, firmly united into a triangular, abrupt, ere£l column, 

 longer than the inner petals ; anthers feflile at the top of the 



column, 



