TIG 



T I G 



column, ereft, linear-oblong, acute, converging at the 

 points, burfting externally. Pill. Germen oblong, abrupt, 

 with three rounded angles ; ftyle thread-thaped, rather 

 longer than the column of the ftamens ; ftignias three, flen- 

 tlcr, acute, deeply divided. Peric. Capfule oblong, bluntly 

 triangular, abrupt and fcarred at the top, of three cells and 

 three valves, the partitions from the centre of each valve. 

 Seeds numerous, nearly globofe, ranged in a double row in 

 each cell, fomewhat angular from mutual preflure. 



EfT. Cli. Common Sheath of two leaves. Calyx none. 

 Petals fix ; the three inner ones fmalleft, fiddlc-rtiapcd, 

 pointed. Stigmas linear, deeply cloven. Capfule of three 

 cells, inferior. 



I. T. Pavonia. Mexican Tiger-flower. Redout. JLiHac. 

 t. 5. Gawler n. i. Ait. n. i. { Ferraria pavonia ; Linn. 

 Suppl. 407. Willd. Sp. PL V. 3. 581. Cavan. Difl". 342. 

 t. 189. f. I. Andr. Repof. t. 178. F. Tigridia ; Curt. 

 Mag. t. 532. Ocoloxochitl, feu Flore Tigris ; Hernand. 

 Mex. 276. Tigridis flos ; Dodon. Pempt. 693. Ger. Em. 

 122.) — Native of Mexico and Peru. Said to have been 

 firft introduced into the gardens of this country, about the 

 year 1796, by Ellis Hodgfon, efq. of Everton, near Li- 

 verpool, who liberally communicated it to the nurferymen 

 about London, fo that now few ornamental flowers are more 

 eafily obtainable. If treated as a greenhoufe plant, like the 

 Cape bulbs, the Tigridia flowers in fpring, ripening abun- 

 dance of feeds. If planted in the open ground in March 

 or April, the more dry or fandy the foil the better, it will 

 bloflbm in fucceffion through the autumn, at the end of 

 which the bulbs fliould be taken up, carefully dried, freed 

 from their very fucculent fibres, and preferved from frofl; till 

 the following fpring. Though each flower lafts but one 

 day, as every plant bears feveral, a plentiful fucceffion may 

 readily be had. The root is an ovate bulb, which is eatable 

 when roafted, tailing like a chefnut ; from its bafe are fent 

 down feveral long, perpendicular, tapering, very juicy, 

 downy fibres. Stem two or three feet high, ereft, round, 

 leafy, fomewhat branched. Leaves feveral, ereft, fword- 

 fhaped, many -ribbed, plaited, fmooth, a foot long. Floiver 

 inodorous, three or four inches broad, fo fplendidly varie- 

 gated with fcarlet, crimfon, purple and yellow, that no de- 

 fcription can do it jullice. The ends of the larger petals are 

 fcarlet ; their middle yellow ; their bafe, like the whole fur- 

 face of the fmaller ones, richly fpotted. Stamens and pijlil 

 red. It increafes by bulbous offsets, as well as by feeds. 



TIGRINI, Orazio, in Biography, a canon of Arezzo, 

 who publilhed at Venice, in 1588, a Mufical Compendium ; 

 " Compendio della Mufica," which he dedicated to Zarlino, 

 from whom he received a letter of thanks for the laurel-crown 

 with which he had bound his brows ; which letter is prefixed 

 to the work, vfith complimentary verfes innumerable from 

 other friends. This Compendium is not only well digefted 

 by the author, but rendered more clear and pleafant m the 

 perufal, by the printer, who has made ufe of large Roman 

 types, inftead of Italic, in which moft of the books that 

 were publilhed in Italy, before the prefent century, were 

 printed. This author is the firft, in our recoUeftion, who 

 has cenfured the impropriety and abfurdity of compofing 

 mufic for the church upon the fubjeft of old and vulgar 

 ballad tunes. The cadences which he has given in three, 

 four, five, and fix parts, and which are good examples of ec- 

 clefiaftical counterpoint, have been almoft all ufed by Mor- 

 ley, without oncementioningTigrini's name,either in the text 

 or catalogue of authors whom he has cited. Zarlino, who had 

 adopted the four new ecclefiaftical tones propofed by Gla- 

 reanus, was followed by Tigrini, with whom they feem to 

 have ftopped : as no more than the eight ancient tones ap- 



VoL. XXXV. 



pear afterwards to have been acknowledged by orthodox ec- 

 clefiaftical compofcrs ; and Zarlino himfelf, in the lail edi- 

 tions of his works, rclinquifticd the idea of twelve modes : as 

 no new harmony or modulation was furniftied by the addi- 

 tional four to thecontrapuntift, without violating the ancient 

 rules of canto-fcrmo, which confine all its melody to the dif- 

 ferent fpeciesof oftave. It appears from tiiis Compendium, 

 that covtrapunio alia mente, or extemporary difcant upon 

 a plain-fong, was ftill praftifed in the churches of Italy. 



TIGRIS, in Ancient and Modern Geography, a large river 

 of Afia, which has its fourcc in the mountains of Greater Ar- 

 menia, about 15 miles S. of the fources of the Euphrates, 

 and purfues nearly a regular courfc S.E., until its junftion 

 with that river at Korna, jo miles above Baftbra. Formerly 

 thefe rivers difchargcd thcmfelvcs feparately into the Perfian 

 gulf ; but they now fall into the fea by a common canal, 

 about 70 miles S. of BafTora. In the time of Phny their 

 feparate beds might be feen. According to the fame author, 

 it was named " Deglito," from its fource to mount Taurus, 

 which it traverfed ; and from the place of its difcharge on the 

 other fide of the mountain, to the fea or Perfian gulf, it was 

 called Tigris. This author fays that it parted through the 

 lake of Arethufa, without mixing its waters with thofe 

 of the lake. Strabo and Arrian denominated the mouth of 

 the Tigris " Pafitigris," and Pliny gives this name to that 

 part of the river which feparated into two arms, that, after 

 enclofing an ifland, joined again, and fell into the fame bed. 

 Mofes (Gen. ii. 14.) calls this river, as it has been fuppofed, 

 Hiddekel. The cavern of mount Taurus, through which it 

 is faid to have pafFed, was called " Zoroanda ;" and as a proof 

 that it was the fame river which entered the cavern and 

 pafled out of it, any fubftance thrown into the river on one 

 fide of the mountain was difcharged by it on the other. 



The ancient Perfians called this river " Teer," the arrow, 

 from the rapidity of its current ; and it is aow called " De- 

 gila," and " Shat-Bagdad," the river of Bagdad. The 

 united rivers of the Tigris and Euphrates are denominated 

 " Shat-ul-Arab ;" which fee. 



The Tigris, though a far lefs noble ftream than the Eu- 

 phrates, is one of the moft celebrated rivers in hiftory ; and 

 many famous cities have, at different periods, decorated its 

 banks ; among which we may reckon, in ancient times, 

 thofe of Nineveh, Seleucia, Ctefiphon ; and in fubfequent 

 periods, thofe of Bagdad, Moful, Diarbekir, &c. 



This river is navigable for boats of twenty or thirty tons 

 burthen as far as the mouth of the Odorneh, but no farther ; 

 and the commerce of Moful is confequently carried on by 

 rafts, fupported by inflated fheep-fkins. The rafts are 

 floated down the river, and when arrived at Bagdad, the 

 wood of which they are compofed is fold without a lofs, and 

 the Ikins conveyed back to Moful by camels. The Ti- 

 gris is, on an average, between Bagdad and Korna, about 

 200 yards wide. The banks are iteep, and, for the moft 

 part, overgrown with brufti-wood, the haunt of lions and 

 other wild beafts. The Tigris rifes twrice in the year ; the 

 firft and great rife is in April, and is caufed by the melting 

 of the fnows in the mountains of Armenia ; and the other is 

 in November, produced by the periodical rains. A boat, 

 with a fair wind, will fometimes pafs from Bagdad to BafTora 

 in fix days, but the common paflfage is from eight to ten. 



The banks of the Tigris, from Tauka-Kefra to Korna, 

 cannot boaft of a fingle village, or even habitation, with the 

 exception of Koot, a miferable place, containing 40 or 50 

 mud-huts. The city of Wafith, repeatedly mentioned in 

 the Arabian hiftories, is no longer a place of any confe- 

 quence ; it ftands on the banks of the Hye, or great canal. 

 From Korna to the neighbourhood of Baftbra, Baflara or 



4 M Bafra, 



