T I L 



T I L 



year 1667, and burnt three Englifli men of war at Chatham. 

 Various additions have been fince made ; and it is now 

 llrongly garrifoned, and defended by a great number of 

 guns. Some traces of the camp formed here to oppofe the 

 threatened invafion of the Spanidi armada, in the time of 

 Ehzabcth, are yet vifible. — Beauties of England and Wales, 

 vol. V. Ellex ; by J. Dritton and E. W. Braylcy. 



TiLBURY-ZFirtf;-, in Medicine, is an acidulous or faline 

 water, iffuing from a fpring fituated near a farm-houfc at 

 Well Tilbury, neai- Tilbury-Fort, in Eflex. This water is 

 of a ftravv-colour, foft and fmooth to the talle, but leaving, 

 after agitation in the mouih, a fmall degree of ronghnefs on 

 the tongue ; it throws up a fcum variegated with feveral 

 colours, which feels greafy ; and effervefces with fpirit of 

 vitriol ; it mixes fmooth with milk, but curdles with foap ; 

 when boiled, it turns milky, but is lined by a fourth part 

 of mountain-wine, and by acids ; it operates chiefly by urine, 

 though it is fomewhat purgative, and increafes perfpiration. 

 This water is elleemed for removing glandular obftruftions, 

 and hence is alfo recommended in fcurvies and cutaneous 

 difeafes ; it is good in bloody fluxes, purgings, and the 

 like : in diforders of the ftomach arifmg from acidity, in 

 the gravel, fluor albus, and immoderate flux of the menfes. 

 As a diuretic, it is beneficial in dropfical complaints. It 

 gently warms the itomach, flrengthens the appetite, and 

 promotes digefl;ion. The ufual dofe is a quart a-day. This 

 water is fuppofed to owe its virtue to a native alkaline fait, 

 which may be obtained from it by evaporation, and to its 

 fixed air, which, however, being very volatile, foon exhales 

 when the water is heated or ftands for fome time expofed. 

 EUiot's Account of Mineral Waters, &c. p. 220. 



TILCARA, in Geography, a town of South America, 

 in the province of Tucuman ; 32 miles N.N.W. of St. Sal- 

 vador de Jugui. 



TILDIZ Daghi, a mountain of Afiatic Turkey; 10 

 miles S. of Tocat. 

 TILE. See Tyle. 



Tiles, Draining, in Agriculture, fuch as are made of par- 

 ticular forms and dimenfions, for the purpofe of draining 

 and taking away the water that fl; agnates in or upon land. 

 They are faid to conftitute a very neat and convenient, as 

 well as cheap and beneficial material for this ufe in a great 

 many cafes, efpecially as they are exempt from the common 

 duties on ordinary tiles and bricks. They have the ad- 

 vantage too of being capable of being laid with much faci- 

 lity and difpatch, and of requiring lefs cutting than in the 

 methods ufually had recourfe to in the common praftice of 

 freeing land from wetnefs. They are made and employed 

 in fome diftrifts, as Chediire, &c. with complete fuccefs and 

 much utihty. 



Tii.K-Earth, that fort of earthy material of the ftrong 

 clayey kind which is ufed in the making of tiles. It is alfo 

 a term in farming which is fometimes employed to fignify a 

 ftrong, ftifF, ftubborn fort of land or foil that cannot be 

 brought into cultivation, and be managed without very 

 great labour, trouble, and expence, but wliich, when once 

 reduced and got into order, is, in fome cafes, very produc- 

 tive and lafting in its returns. 



Vaft flirength of men and teams is often requifite in 

 working fuch lands as farms, as they cannot be effediually 

 improved and got into a proper flate, except by the apph- 

 cation and incorporation of large quantities of diff^erent 

 proper rich earthy and other fuitable fubftances. 



The farmer Ihould always calculate well before engaging 

 farms confifting greatly of this fort of land or foil. 



The general opinion among the moft attentive and dili- 

 gent farmers in the county of £(fex is, that even the 



pallure lands upon the wet, cold, tile-earth bottoms, Ihould 

 be kept under the plough two or lluve years in twenty, ill 

 order to render them in the moil fuitable and produdtive 

 rtate. 



Tile, or Tyk, in Affaymg, a fmall flat piece of dried 

 earth, ufed to cover the veflels in which metals are in fufion. 



Tliefe are made of a mixture of clay and faiid, or powder 

 of flints, or broken crucibles, made into a pafte, and fpread 

 thin with a rolling-pin, on a table or flat ilone. From thefe 

 cakes or plates, pieces are to be cut with a knife, to the 

 ftiapc and fize of tiie mouths of the vcffels to be clofed. It 

 is bell then to pare away the borders of the under furface 

 of the piece thus cut ofF, that this furface may immediately 

 touch all the way the edge of the mouth of the vcflel, leav- 

 ing a prominent rim, by whicli means the tile fits clofe upon 

 the vcffel, and is not fo eafily difplaced by accidents, as a 

 touch of the poker, or of the coals put on to mend the fire, 

 as it otherwife would be. Finally, put on the middle of 

 the outer furface a fmall bit of the fame matter, which 

 ferves as a kind of handle, by means of which it may be 

 conveniently managed by the tongs, and eafily taken off and 

 put on again at pleafure. Cramer, Art. All. p. 66. 



TILENUS, Daniki., in Biography, a dodor and pro- 

 felTor of theology at Sedan, in France, was born in Silefia, 

 in 1563, and was the ilrll foreigner who wrote againft Ar- 

 minius, though he afterwards changed his opinion and fup- 

 ported the dodlrine of that theologian. He alfo took part 

 in a violent controverfy with Du Moulin. A reconciliation 

 was attempted between the diiputants, in which the eleftor 

 palatine, the duke de Bouillac, and king James I. of Eng- 

 land, interpofed ; and a national fynod of the French churches 

 was held for this purpofe at Tonneins in 16 14. The attempt 

 to produce a pacification failed ; and Tilenus was deprived 

 of his profeflbrftiip in 1619 or 1620. He then removed to 

 Paris, and afterwards maintained for five days, at Orleans, 

 a difputation with John Cameron on grace and free-will. 

 In a letter addrefled to the people of Scotland, he accufcd 

 the Prefbyterians of introducing too many changes in the 

 form of their religion, and praifed the people of England 

 for admiring epifcopacy. King James I. caufed this letter 

 to be printed, and invited the author to England, with an 

 offer of a penfion. Tilenus accepted the off^er ; but return- 

 iiig to France in order to arrange his affairs, an outcry was 

 in the meanwhile raifed againft him in England, and he 

 therefore determined to remain at Paris, where he died in 

 1633. He was the author of many works in Latin and 

 French, which it is needlefs to recite. Gen. Biog. 



TILGUN, la Geography, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 

 Caramania ; 36 miles E.N.E. of Akfhehr. 



TILHARA, a town of Hindooilan, in Rohilcund ; 30 

 miles S.S.E. of Bereilly. 



TILIA, in Botany, the Lime-tree, or Linden-tree, an 

 ancient Latin name, whofe origin may perhaps be found in 

 the Greek rAiXix, the Elm ; but on this fubjecl nothing cer- 

 tain, nor indeed very plaufible, has been made out by ety- 

 mologift^s. — Linn. Gen. 267. Schreb. 355. Willd. Sp. 

 PI. V. 2. 1 161. Mart. Mill. Dia. v. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 v. 3. 299. Venten. in Sims and Kon. Ann. of Bot. v. I. 

 207. Sm. Fl. Brit. 571. Prodr. Fl. Grxc. Sibth. V. 1. 362. 

 Purfli 362. Jufl". 292. Tourn. t. 381. Lamarck Illuftr. 



t. 467. Ga;rtn. t. 1 13 Clafs and order, Polyandria Moiw- 



gynia. Nat. Ord. Columtiifcrtz, I^inn. Ti/iaccit, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, in five 

 deep, concave, coloured, deciduous fegments, about as large 

 as the corolla. Cor. Petals five, alternate with the calyx, 

 oblong, obtufe, crenate at the fummit. Neftary a fcale at 

 the bafc of each petal, not univerfal. Slam. Filaments nu- 

 4 M 2 mcrous, 



