TILIA. 



m.rous thrcad-(hapc<l, the Ifnjrtf. of the corolla ; anthers 

 of .w.. nearly orb.cular Jivancated lobes, burftmg outwards. 

 PiU. Germon fiiperior. roundilh ; ftyle thread-niaped, the 

 length of the Ibmens ; lliRma obtufe. with five angles. 

 P^k. Capfule globofe. angular, coriaceous or membranous, 

 burfting tardily at the bafe, of five valves and five cells. 

 St<dj folitary, roundifh. 



Obf. Two or three of the ceUs are generally abortive 

 and obliterated. The neftary feems confined to the Ame- 

 rican fpecies. „ 



EfT. Ch. Calyx in five deep fegments, deciduous. Pe- 

 tals five. Capfule fupcrior, roundilh, angular, of five cells, 

 and five >-alves. 



An important genus, of ufcful, as well as ornamental, 

 hardy deciduous trees. The bark fcrves for cordage, and 

 for thofe very fer\-iccable mats, manufaftured in Ruflia, to 

 well known to our gardeners, and fo ufeful for packing. 

 The fmooth, foft, white, clofe-graincd wood is efteemed by 

 carvers, and was preferred by the inimitable Gibbons, for 

 thofe feftoons of flowers, fruit, dead game, &c. with which 

 his free and expeditious hand adorned moft of the great 

 houfes in England. The leaves are fometimes given to 

 cattle in feafons of fcarcity in the North. The whole plant 

 abounds with mucilage, and the fap is reported to afford 

 fome fugar. Notlung is more delicioudy fragrant than the 

 Bowers of the whole genus, which bees frequent in great 

 numbers, as they yield plenty of honey. 



Sedion 1. Flowers luithout the fcaly ncaaries. European 

 fpecies. 



1. T. europtea. Common Smooth Lime-tree. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 733. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. Fl. Brit. n. I. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 610. Fl. Dan. t. 553. (T. platyphyllos ; Scop. 

 Carn. v. I. 373 ? Venten. n. 2. T. vulgaris platyphyllos ; 

 Bauh. Hift. V. I. p. 2. 133. Rail Syn. ed. 2. 316. T. fce- 

 mina; Ger. Em. 1483.) — Neftaries none. Capfule coria- 

 ceous. Leaves heart-lhaped, undivided ; fmooth and fome- 

 what glaucous beneath, with the branching of their veins 

 woolly. Branches and footllalks fmooth. — Native of woods 

 and the borders of meadows, or the (lopes of hills, in various 

 parts of Europe, from Sweden to Greece, flowering early 

 in July. A tall upright tree, with fmooth, fpreading, round 

 braiuhes, green when tender, afterwards brown. Leaves 

 alternate, on longirti flalks, pointed, (harply ferrated, almoft 

 orbicular, about three inches in diameter, entire at the bafe, 

 and their fides rather unequal or oblique in that part : their 

 upper furface of a full bright green, quite fmooth : under 

 paler, fomewhat glaucous, with a yellowi(h prominent mid- 

 rib, and fevcral other ribs, either oppofite from the central 

 one, or radiating from the bafe, fubdivided, connefted by 

 parallel tranfverie veins, all fmooth as well as the furface of 

 the leaf, except at the bafe of each fide-rib, where is a 

 fmall, depreffed, axillary, fringe -like tuft of hairs. Stipulas 

 none. Flower-Jlalks axillary, folitary, fliorter than the leaves, 

 fmooth, flender, each bearing an irregular umbel or cyme of 

 yellowi(h_/7oTOfrj, and very remarkable for a large, folitary, 

 oblong, obtufe, entire, veiny bradea, of a pale greenilh hue, 

 and fmooth furface, united firmly to the ftalk, and falling 

 off with it. The germen is very woolly. Capfule obovate, 

 or angular, efpecially when it ripens more than one feed, 

 which is not often the cafe. The Joiuers are delightfully 

 fragrant, efpecially at night. This is the kind of Lime 

 moil ufually planted for avenues, nor can any thing be more 

 defirable for that purpofe. It appears to have taken place 

 of our more ancient elms in king William's time, when alfo 

 it was equally popular in France. The branches naturally 

 feather down to the ground, but will bear clipping without 

 injury. The leaves fall perhaps the firft of all our native 



trees, efpecially in the fquares of London, where the Lime 

 nevcrthelefs bears the fmoky atmofphere tolerably well. 

 Whether the T. ulmifolia, femine hexagono of Meirett, men- 

 tioned by Dillenius in his edition of Ray's Synopfts, 473, be- 

 a variety of this, with more perfeft fruit, or of any other 

 fpecies, we have no means of determining. 



2. T. coraUlna. Red-twigged Downy Lime-tree. (T. 

 europxa B ; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. I. v. 2. 229. ed. 2. n. i. 

 y ; Fl. Brit. n. I. T. grandifoha ; Ehrh. Arb. n. 8. T. 

 foliis moUit^r hirfutis, viminibus rubris, fruftu tetragono ; 

 Raii Syn. ed. 2. 316.) — Neftaries none. Capfule coria- 

 ceous. Leaves heart-fhaped, undivided ; downy beneath, 

 with the branching of their veins woolly. Branches and 

 footftalks downy. — Native of various parts of Europe. 

 Plentiful in Stoken-church woods, Oxfordlhire, where it 

 was firft noticed by Bobart, and where its (hining red 

 twigs are very confpicuous. This charafter, however, is 

 not invariable. We have the fame fpecies in Norfolk with 

 brown twigs, and it feems to be often planted indifferently 

 with the former. They have not yet been feparated as 

 fpecies, nor did Ehrhart, in publiffiing the prefent under the 

 appellation of grandifella, mean any thing further than to 

 diftinguilh it, in common with the foregoing, from his par- 

 ■vifolie, hereafter defcribed. We therefore prefer an older 

 and lefs ambiguous name. Profeffor Mertens, who has 

 ftudied thefe trees in Germany, obferves that eoraUina 

 flowers a fortnight earlier than europeta. As to their fpecific 

 difference, it appears chiefly to depend on the fine foft 

 hairs, which clothe the backs of the leaves, and efpecially 

 cover their ribs, fringing their minuteft veins in a delicate 

 and regular manner. Thefe hairs are condenfed into little 

 axillai-y tufts, at the origin of each principal vein. In the 

 inflorefcence or f.owers we perceive no material difference. 

 The capfule has four or five angles. The famous old Lime 

 in the church-yard of ZedHtz near Guttenberg, in Bohemia, 

 which is faid to have borne hooded leaves, fince a parcel of 

 monks were hanged upon it, proves, by an authentic fpe- 

 cimen font us by profeffor Jacquin, to be this fpecies, 

 not the foregoing. 



3. T. parinfolia. Small-leaved Lime-tree. Ehrh. Arb. 

 n. 36. PI. Off. n. 1 25. Sm. Engl. Bot. 1. 1 705. Ait. n. 2. 

 " Schkuhr Handb. v. 2. 72. t. 141." (T. microphylla ; 

 Venten. n. I. Sav. Etruic. v. 1. 152. T. europsea ;3 ; 

 Fl. Brit. n. I. T. ulmifolia; Scop. Carn. v. i. 374. T. 

 fylveftris ; Trag. Hifl:. nil. T. folio minore ; Bauh. 

 Hift. V. I. p. 2. 137. Raii Syn. ed. 2. 316. T. bohemica, 

 &c. ; Till. Pif. 165. t. 49. f. 3.) — Neftaries none. Cap- 

 fule roundifh, very thin. Leaves heart-fliaped, ffiarply fer- 

 rated, fomewhat lobed ; fmooth and glaucous beneath, 

 with denfe, axillary or fcattered, tufts of hair. — Native of 

 Germany, Carniola, Switzerland, Italy, France, and 

 England. Ray fay-s it frequently occurs in Effex and 

 Suffex, as well as Lincolnfliire and elfewhere. It flowers a 

 month later than even the firft. fpecies, not being in full 

 perfeftion before Auguft. The leaves are but about half 

 the fize of either of the foregoing, their ferratures fliarper, 

 tufts of axillary hair larger, and often accompanied by large 

 hairy blotches. Fooiflalks flender, and often of a longer 

 proportion, quite fmooth. Flowers fmaller, imelling like 

 a Honeyfuckle. Capfule fmall, roundifh, fcarcely angular, 

 rarely perfefting more than one feed, its coat thin and 

 tender compared with either of the former fpecies, on 

 which circumftance M. Ventenat chiefly founded its dif- 

 tinftive charafter. We do not find that part fo unlike 

 them in firmnefs, as in thicknefs ; but we have no doubt of 

 the fpecies being perfeftly diftiiic^. Bv planting this in- 

 termixed with the others about houfes, in avenues, &c. a 



longer 



