T I T. 



liffht bowls and dia.fs, &c. TIkic are f.-vcral varieties of 

 itV as the narrow -leaved, the broad-leaved, the elm-leaved, 

 the red.t«-iL'K'^-d, the fmooth fmall-leaved, the f.noot i 

 largf-leaved, the foft hairy-leaved, the wniikled-lcavcd, 

 aiid the llripi-d-leaved. 



Culture Thefe trees may be increafod by feeds, layers, 



and cuttings. The feed, when ripe in the autumn, (liould 

 be beaten down, keeping the groen-twigged and red- 

 twigged forts feparate; and be fown foon after, or pre- 

 fco'ed dry and found till fpring ; fowiiig it in a bed or 

 border of common earth; previoufly digging the ground, 

 and diWding it into four-feet wide beds ; drawing the earth 

 off the furfacc evenly, about an inch deep, into the alleys ; 

 then fowing the feeds thinly, touching them lightly down 

 into the earth with the back of the fpade, diredly earthing 

 them over to the above depth. 



When they come up in the fpring, the beds fliould be 

 kept clean from weeds, giving moderate waterings in dry 

 weather, to forward the plants in growth as much as pofTible, 

 in order to be fit for planting out in nurfcry-rows by the au- 

 tonrn or fpring following ; though, if they have (hot rather 

 wyakly, they (hould ftand another year, then be planted out 

 in rows two feet and a half afiindcr, by eighteen inches dif- 

 tance in the lines, to remain three or four years or more to 

 acquire a propir fize for the purpofes intended, trimming 

 off the large fidc-branches from the lower part of the ftem 

 occafionallv, to encourage their afpiring more expeditioufly 

 at top, which fhould be fuffered to remain entire : thefe 

 trees, when raifed from feed, generally affume a more hand- 

 fome and expeditious growth than fuch as are raifed from 

 layers and cuttings. When they are from about five or fix 

 to eight or ten feet high, they are of proper fize for final 

 planting out ; though, when defigned as foreft -trees for 

 timber, it is advifable to plant them finally while they are 

 young, as not more than from three or four to five or fix 

 feet high. 



They are all raifed readily by the layer method ; and for 

 this purpofe proper ftools muft be prepared, and the yoimg 

 (hoots of a year or two old are the proper parts for being 

 laid down, which (hould be performed in autumn or winter, 

 by flit-laying, (hortening the tops of each layer within a 

 little of the ground : they are moftly rooted by the autumn 

 following, and fit to plant out in nurfery-rows, being then 

 managed as the feedlings. 



When cuttings are emphiyed, the ftrong young (hoots of 

 the year (hould be chofen in autumn or fpring, and planted 

 in a moid good foil ; or any fcarce forts may be planted 

 fcveral together in pots, and plunged in a hot -bed, as they 

 more readily ilrike root in that way. 



Thefe two lalt methods are the proper ones for raifing 

 the varieties with certainty. 



Thefe trees are of a quick handfome growth, and fucceed 

 in almoft any foil and cxpofure. They are fome of them 

 employed for their fine appearance, others for the exquifitely 

 fweet fmell of their flowers, and moft of them for the ufe 

 of their wood. The plants of them are alfo occafionally made 

 ufe of in forming hedges in particular fituations, but they 

 are not by any means well calculated for this purpofe. 



As timber trees, their wood is found highly valuable on 

 account of its (oftnefs, lightnefs, and toughnefs, for the mak- 

 ing of various forts of houfehold utenfils, as bowls, bafons, 

 &c. as well as for dilferent purpofes in the bufinefs of carv- 

 ing, gilding, turning, fpinning, &c. 



All thefe trees afford ornament and variety among other 

 deciduous trees in the (hrubbery, plantations, &c. 



riLIACE^, in Botany, a natural order of plants, the 

 feventy-ninth in Jufficu's fyftem, or the nineteenth of his thir- 



T I L 



teenth clafs, of which Tilia, the Lime-tree, is an example. 

 See GeRania for the full charafters of this thirteenth 

 clafs. Thofe of the order in queftiou are thus given. 



Calyx either of many leaves, or in many deep fegments. 

 Petals definite, dillinft, (wanting in Sloanea,) alternate with 

 the fegments or leaves of the calyx, and for the moll part 

 agreeing with them in number. Stamens generally indefinite 

 in number, and diftindt. Geimen fimple. Style frequently 

 folitary, rarely either multiplied, or wanting. Stigma either 

 fimple or divided. Fruit in fome inllances pulpy, in others 

 capfular, moftly with feveral cells, having one or many 

 feeds in each, the partitions from the centre of each valve. 

 Corciilum of the feed flat, furrounded by a fltfliy albumen. 

 Stem arboreous or (hrubby ; rarely herbaceous. Leaves al- 

 ternate, fimple, accompanied by ilipulas. 



Seftion I. Stamens dtjinite in number, more or lefs eom- 

 hined in their lower part, or at the very bafe. Thefe are 

 termed by JuffiiHi " doubtful Tdiacen:." They confill of 

 Wahheria, Hermannia, and Mahernia, 



Se6t. 2. Stamens diJlinB, mojily indejinite. Fruit of many 

 cells. Genuine Tiliacea. 



Antichorus ; Corchorus ; Heliocarpus ; Triumfetia ; Spar- 

 mannia ; Sloanea; Apeiba of Aublet, which is Aubletia of 

 Schreber ; Muntingia ; Flacourtia of L'Heritier ; Qncoba 

 of Forfliall, Lamarck Illuftr. t. 47 1 ; Stuartia ; Grcwia ; 

 and Tdia. 



Seft. 3. Stamens diJlinS, indefinite. Fruit of one cell. 

 Genera allied to Tiliacea. 



Bisa ; Laetia ; and Banara of Aublet and Schreber. 



The author hints that this order might poffibly, witli pro- 

 priety, receive a reinforcement of feveral polypetalous poly- 

 androus genera, at prefent not well underftood, and there- 

 fore annexed to other orders, among fubjedls that remain in 

 doubt. He names Soramia of Aublet (fee Mappia) ; Ca- 

 itnea of the fame (fee Doliocarpus) ; Cleyera of Thun- 

 berg (fee Ternstkoemia) ; Vallea of Lnmasus ; Dicera 

 of Forfler (fee El^eocarpus) ; Caraipa, Mahurea (fee 

 Bonnetia), Houmiria (fee Myrodenduum), Vanlanea 

 (fee Lemniscia), all of Aublet; and Trilix of Lmnsus. 

 The reader will be able to form his own opinion on thefe 

 matters, by turning to thefe articles in their proper places, 

 many of the genera and their affinities havmg become better 

 known fince the publication of Juffieu's work. 



The charafters of his Tiliaceii: are hardly to be diftinguiflied 

 from thofe of his next order Cifti, the principal ditterence 

 confifting in the ftraight corculum, and more copious albumen, 

 of the former. 



TILLABARUM, in Ancient Geography, a town of 

 Africa Propria, upon the route from Tacaps to the Greater 

 Leptis, between Thebelamum and Adaugmagdum. Anton. 

 Itin. 



TILLjEA,in Botany, was dedicated by Micheli ( followed 

 by Linnaeus) to the honour of his friend and fellow-labourer 

 Michael Angelo Tilh, who publilhed a fplendid and rich 

 catalogue of the garden of Pifa, of which he had the care, 

 in 1723. He was a member of the Royal Society of 

 London, as well as of the Botanical Society of Florence, 

 and correfponded with the chief botanifts of his time, in 

 England, Holland, and elfewhere. He travelled to Con- 



fl:antinople and Tunis Linn. Gen. 68. Schreb. 93. Willd. 



Sp. PI. V. I. 720. Mart. Mill. Dift. V. 4. A'it. Hort. 

 Kew. V. I. 282. Sm. Fl. Brit. 201. Mich. Nov. Gen. 22. 

 t. 20. JuflT. 307. Lamarck Illuftr. t. 90. Gasrtn. t. 1 12. 

 — Clafs and order, Tetrandria Teiragynia. Nat. Ord. Suc- 

 cxdentx, Linn. Semper-uivie, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, in four deep, flat, 

 ovate, large fegments. Cor. Petals four, ovate, acute, flat, 



rather 



