T I M 



TIM 



aft, however, followed by the reproaches of his friends, and 

 by the imprecations of his mother, was the occafion of poig- 

 nant diih-efs to Timoleon ; fo tliat he withdrew from all 

 pubhc aflairs, and for fome years wandered about in the 

 mod difconfolate ftate, in the mod gloomy receflcs of his 

 gi-ounds, without ever approaching the city. After a re- 

 tirement of twenty years, the Syracufans apphed to Corinth 

 ior fuccour in a fcafon of calamity, occafioned by domeftic 

 tyrants, and by the hoftile preparations of the Carthaginians. 

 The Corinthians paffed a vote for granting the aflirtance that 

 was requefted, and Timoleon, in preference to many others 

 who were propofod, was appointed their general. Timoleon 

 lasiled for Sicily in the year B.C. 344, with a fleet of about 

 ten fail, and arriving, by a ftratagem, in the port of Tauro- 

 menrum, ditembarkcd his army, confiding of no more than 

 one thoufandmen. Succefs and viftory attended his arms ; 

 and h3\'ing become mafter of Syracufe, he deftroyed its ci- 

 tadel as a neft of tyrants, and caufed to be erefted in its 

 place a hall of judicature ; thus intimating, that the date 

 was now to be governed by laws, and not by arms. He alfo 

 colonized the city, which had been depopulated, by an import- 

 ation of Greeks, and by inviting all the fugitives to return. 

 Timoleon at the fame time extended his attention to the other 

 cities of Sicily, reducing thofe inhabitants who had ufurped 

 authority to the rank of private citizens, or fending them as 

 exiles to Corinth. He prepared likewife to refid the Car- 

 thaginians, who were fending a powerful army againd the 

 ifland ; and with a fmall force, but by extraordinary difplays 

 of valour and military flcill, totally defeated them. He 

 afterwards direfted liis attention to the internal date of Si- 

 cily, and by the raeafures which he adopted, fettled its in- 

 habitants in the unmolefted pofleflion of the advantages 

 which they enjoyed in a fertile foil and propitious climate. 

 The Sicilians acknowledged their obligations with gratitude 

 and refpecl, and confidered Timoleon as the common father 

 of the nation. Having fixed his abode in Syracufe, he fent 

 to Corinth for his wife and family, and lived as a private ci- 

 tizen, refpefted and edeemed for his virtues. Two dema- 

 gogues, however, contrived to didurb his tranquillity, and 

 brought charges againd him, which he thought unworthy 

 of refutation, and in reference to which he merely faid, " he 

 could not fufficiently exprefs his gratitude to the gods for 

 allowing him to fee the time when the Syracufans enjoyed 

 the hberty of fpeakingwhat they thought proper." Whild 

 Greece was involved in the calamities of a civil war, and in 

 conflifts which terminated in the lofs of public liberty, Ti- 

 moleon was unmoleded and tranquil, in a country which he 

 had contributed to render happy. Fortunate in all his tranf- 

 aftions after he left Corinth, he afcribed his fuccefles to the 

 goddefs Fortune, and dedicated to her the houfe in which 

 he refided. It has been obferved, that in the fydem of the 

 ancients, a regard to thefe nominal and fiftitious deities did 

 not exclude their belief of a fuperin ten ding providence : 

 and a particular indance occurs in the hidory of Timoleon 

 which would lead him to imagine that his life and its inci- 

 dents were under a providential care and diredlion. Soon 

 after his arrival in Sicily, two drangers were hired to adaffi- 

 nate him : and whilft he was facrificing in the temple of 

 Adranum, where he then lived, thefe murderers mixed iu 

 the throng, and were preparing to execute their commiflion. 

 At this indant a man gave one of them a blow on the head 

 with his fword, which laid him at his feet, and then fled to 

 the top of a rock. The other, fuppofing their defign had 

 been difcovered, laid hold of the altar, and intreated Timo- 

 leon to fpare his life, on condition of his revealing the whole 

 plot. The firft fugitive being brought down from the 

 *ock, affetted that he had committed no crime, becaufe the 



man whom he had (Iruck had murdered hin father in the city 

 of Leontium. Suth an efcape would naturally imprefs a 

 mind lefs thoughtful than that of Timoleon. 



At a late period Timoleon lod his fight, and this afilitlion 

 he bore with perfed. refignation : and it was alleviated to 

 him by the alfiduous attentions of the Syracufans. In his 

 old age he was revered by the Syracufans as a father in the 

 midd of his family : and at length terminated his life by a 

 flight difcafe, in the year B.C. 335. His funeral obfequies 

 were attended by a great number of people ; and when the 

 body was placed on the pile, a lierald made the foUowing 

 proclamation : "The people of Syracufe inter Timoleon the 

 Corinthian, the fon of Timodcmus, at the expencc of two 

 hundred minae : they honour him, moreover, through all 

 time, with annual games, to be celebrated with mufic, horfe- 

 racing, and wrelUing : as the man who dedroyed tyrants, 

 fubdued barbarians, repeopled great cities which lay defo- 

 late, and redored to the Sicilians their laws and privileges." A 

 monument was afterwards crefted to his memory iu the mar» 

 ket-place, which being furrounded with porticoes and other 

 public buildings, was made a place of exercife for the 

 youth, and named the " Timoleonteuni." Plut. Vit. Timol. 

 y\nc. Un. Hid. 



TIMON tf?e Phliafmn, a difciple of Pyrrho, flouriflied 

 in the time of Ptolemy Philadclphus, and Hved to the age 

 of ninety years. At an early age he vifited Megara, for 

 the advantage of Stilpo's indruAions in dialeftics, and after- 

 wards removed to Elea, where he became a hearer of Pyrrho. 

 He fird profeffed philofophy at Chalcedon, and afterwards 

 at Athens, where he remained till his death.' He took fo 

 little pains to invite difciples to his fchool, that it has been 

 faid of him, that as the Scythians fliot flying, Timon gained 

 pupils by running from them. This indifference to his pro- 

 feflion was probably owing to his love of cafe and indulgence ; 

 for he was fond of rural retirement, and fo much addi£led 

 to wine, that he held a fuccefsful conted with feveral 

 celebrated champions in drinking. This difpofition pro- 

 bably led him to embrace the indolent doftrine of fcepticifm. 

 He feems to have treated the opinions and difputes of the 

 philofophers with contempt, for he wrote with f;»rcadic hu- 

 mour againd the whole body. His poem, entitled " SiHi," 

 often quoted by the ancients, was a keen fatire, abounding 

 with bitter inveftives againd men and doftrines. The 

 remaining fragments of this poem have been induif rioufly 

 coUefted by Henry Stephens, in his" Pocfis Philofophica." 

 The public fucceflion of profeflbrs in the Pyrrhic fchool 

 terminated with Timon. Bruckcr by Enfield. 



Timon, Samuel, a writer of hidory, was born at Tir- 

 nau, in Hungary, and died at Caflbvia, in 1736, at the age 

 of fixty-one years. In 1693 he entered among the Jefuits, 

 and being of feeble conditution, declined the labours of the 

 fociety, and devoted himfelf to literary occupation, particu- 

 larly to the hidory of his own country, in reference to which 

 he publiflied feveral works. Nouv. Dift. Hid. 



TIIVIONEER, TiMONiER, Fr., in Sea Language, the 

 helmfman, or perfon who manages the helm to direft the 

 diip's courfe. 



TIMONITIS, in Jncknt Geography, a country of Afia, 

 in Paphlagonia, in the vicinity of Bithynia. Strabo and 

 Ptolemy. 



TIMONVILLE, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Mofelle ; 9 miles W. of Morhange. 



TIMOORGOODA, a town of Hindoodan, in the cir- 

 car of Cicacolc ; 10 miles S.W. of Cicacole. 



TIMOPHEEVA, a town of Ruffia, in the government 

 of Irkutflc, on the Ilim ; 32 miles N.W. 01 Vercholenlk. 



TIMOR, an ifland in the Eaft Indian fea, about 120 

 4 S 2 miles 



