TINCTURE. 



to be quite brlglit and polifhed to enable the tin to adhere. 

 Tiic tin is melted in deep reftangiilar crucibles, and kept 

 fluid by a moderate charcoal lire beneath. To prevent its 

 calcination, a quantity of greafe prepared from linfecd-oil 

 and fuct is conilantly kept floating on the furface of the 

 tin, and renewed as it evaporates oft, which gives an excef- 

 fively naufeous ftench. The plate is then taken up by one 

 corner by a pair of pincers, and dipped vertically into the 

 tin, and when withdrawn is found beautifully white and re- 

 fplendent with the coating of this metal that adheres to it. 

 Tliis dipping is repeated three times for what is called_y7/)j/f 

 tm-phile, and fix times for the double plate. Tiie plates are 

 then only cleanfed and forted, and are tit for ufe. 



We fliall here add, with regard to the hiltory of this ma- 

 nufafture, that in the year i6Sl, tin-plates were made in 

 England by one Andrew Yarranton, who was fent to Bohe- 

 mia to learn the manner of making tliem. But tlie manu- 

 fa£tiu-e was difcontinued by his employers, and afterwards 

 fo much difregarded, as to be reckoned among the projedls 

 called bubbles of tiie year 1720 ; however, it was revived, 

 and brouglit to tuch perfeftion about the year 1740, that 

 very little of it was imported from foreign parts ; our own 

 plates being of a finer glofs, or coat, than that made beyond 

 fea, the latter being hammered, and ours being drawn under 

 a rolling-mill. And. Hift. Com. vol. ii. p. 175,361. 



The two principal wholefale houfes for this manufafture 

 in London, are thofe of Jones and Taylor in Tottenham- 

 Court Road, and Hov/ard and Co., in Old-ftreet Road. 



TINA, a name given by the old medical writers to a 

 bath made of a ftrong decoftion of many carminative ingre- 

 dients to be ufed in the colic. 



Tina, in Geography. See Knin. 



TINAGOB, a town on the W. coaft of the ifland of 

 Samar. N. lat. 12° 5'. E. long. 124° 30*. 



TINALMO, a town on the S. coaft of the ifland of 

 Lu(;on. N. lat. 13° 38'. E. long. 122° 42'. 



TINAMASAKI, a town of Japan, on the S. coaft 

 of the ifland of Niphon. N. lat. 34° 12'. E. long. 



136° 5S'- 



TINAPA, a town of Mexico, in the province of New 



Bifcay ; 120 miles N.W. of Duranga. 



TINARA, a town of Nubia, on the Nile ; 200 miles 

 S.S.W. of Syene. 



TINCA, the Tench, in Ichthyology. See Cyprinus 

 Tinea, and Ten'CH. 



TiNCA Marina, the fea-tench, a name given by fome au- 

 thors to tlie common tiirJus, called in Englifli tlie -wrajfe, 

 and phycis. 



TINCAL, is a name given to borax in the crude ftate in 

 which it is brought from India, and before it is refined. It 

 confifts of fmall cryftals of a yellowifli colour, and it has a 

 greafy or unftuous touch. See Borax. 



According to M. Cadet, it contains a larger quantity 

 of tlie peculiar vitrefcible earth of borax than the refined 

 fait commonly fold does. See Baorac. 



TINCAUSARIS, in Ancient Geography, a place of 

 Africa, in Cyrenaica, on the route from Carthage to Alex- 

 andria, between Boreum and Atticis. Anton. Itin. 



TINCHEBRAY, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Orne ; 10 miles N. of Domfront. 



TINCO, a town of Spain, in the province of Afturias ; 

 20 miles N.W. of Oviedo. 



TINCONTIUM, or TiNXOXClUM, in Ancient Geo- 

 graphy, a town of Lyonnefe Gaul, between Avarican and 

 Deceida. Anton. Itin. 



TINCTOR, Joh;*, in Biography, born at Nivelle, in Bra- 

 bant, and flourifhed about the year 1474. He was a great 



mufician, long in the fervice of Ferdinand of Aragon, king 

 of Naples and Sicily, who reigned from 1458 to 1504, and 

 ftyles himfelf his arch-deacon, chaplain, and cantor. Be- 

 fides feveral mufical tradls by this early writer on counter- 

 point, he was autlior of the firft mufical diiflionary. All 

 written mufic in counterpoint during the fifteenth cen- 

 tury was compofed for voices, at leaft we have never feen 

 any other ; and being intended for the church, was fet to 

 Latin words : fo that the firft terms ufed in the art, were 

 likewife in that language ; and thefe were fo numerous in 

 Tinftor's time, that he collefted them, under the title of 

 " Terminorum Muficae Diffinitorium," and printed them 

 at Naples. This was doubtlefs not only the firft mufical 

 diftionary that was ever compiled, but the firft book that 

 was printed on the fubjcft of mufic in general. The work 

 is fo fcarce, that we have never been able to find it, except 

 in his majefty's ineftimable library. In this " Diffinitorium," 

 we firft met with the precife definition of tlie four principal 

 parts in vocal counterpoint : cantus, alius, tenor, and baj'e ; 

 which fee under tlieir feveral heads. 



Tinftor, in one of his trails, gives to the Engliftt the 

 invention of counterpoint. See Dun.stable. 



Walther feems never to have heard of Tinftor's " Diffi- 

 nitorium ;" but he gives the title of his three trafts : " De 

 Arte Contrapunfti ;" " De Tonis ;" and " De Origine 

 Muficae ;" from Gefner's Bibl. Univ. 



TINCTORUM RuBiA. See Madder. 

 TINCTURE, TiNCTURA, in Pharmacy and Chemijlry, 

 a reparation of the finer and more volatile parts of a mixed 

 body, made by means of a proper menftruum difiblving the 

 fame. 



Tincture is more particularly ufed for an extraft of 

 part of the fubftance of a body, efpecially its flavour and 

 colour, which are hereby communicated to the menftruum. 

 Tinctures, in the Materia Medica, are fpirituous folu- 

 tions of fuch of the proximate principles of vegetables and 

 animals, as are foluble in pure alcohol or in proof-fpirit ; and 

 they are faid to have been invented about the end of the thir- 

 teenth century, by a profeftbr of medicine at Montpelier, called 

 Arnold de Villa Nova. From vegetable matter fubmitted to 

 its aftion, alcohol takes up fugar, refin, extraftive, tannin, 

 cinchonin, camphor, volatile oils, feveral acids, and the nar- 

 cotic principle ; proof-fpirit alfo takes up the whole of 

 thefe partially, and is befides the proper menftruum for 

 gum-refins ; io that alcohol, either in a concentrated or di- 

 luted form, is capable of feparating the greater part of the 

 aftive principles of vegetables from the ligneous inert fibres. 

 The tinftures obtained from animal fubftances are very few 

 in number, and the principles taken up by the fpirit are 

 analogous to thofe enumerated above, belonging to the ve- 

 getable kingdom. 



Pure alcohol is required in very few inftanccs only for 

 the formation of tindlures, proof-fpirit being adequate 

 for almoft every purpofe. The dilution of the fpirit, 

 however, muft be varied according to the known princi- 

 ples of the fubftances to be fubmitted to its atiion : when 

 rcfin predominates, it muft necelTarily be more concentrated ; 

 when gum-refin or extraftive is the moft abundant confti- 

 tnent, proof-fpirit then muft be employed. In conl'e- 

 quence of the great affinity of water for alcohol, the addi. 

 tion of it to alcoholic tinftures feparates the rcfin, camphor, 

 and volatile oils they contain ; but water is generally mifci- 

 ble with tinftures made with proof-fpirit, without produc- 

 ing any decompofition. Tinftures are not liable lo fuffer 

 fpontaneous decompofition, as is the cafe with infufions and 

 decoftions ; and, independently of the lofs wiiich takes place 

 from the evaporation of the fpirit and the volatile oils, if 

 the bottles containing tinftures be clofely corked, tliey may 

 4U 2 be 



