T I N 



TIN 



TINIAN, ill Geography, one of the Ladi-one iflands, in 

 tlie North Pacific ocean, about 42 miles in circumference, 

 firft difcovered by the crew of a Manilla (hip, which was 

 call away li.re in the year 1638. The author of Anfon's 

 Voyage gives a pleafing defcription of this ifland, as found 

 by the c.ew of the Centurion, in the year 1742. Com- 

 modore Byron, who vifited it in the year 1765, and anchored 

 oil the fouth-wcil end of the ifland, in the fame place where 

 the Centurion lay, inftead of delightful lawns, found the 

 trees and underwood fo thick, that in endeavouring to force 

 a paffage through, they were entangled and cut as if with 

 whfp-cord. After they had cleared the well, which they 

 imagined was the fame at which lord Anfon filled his 

 caflvs, commodore Byron found the water brackifli, and full 

 of worms. He fays, " the road alfo where the fliips lay 

 was a dangerous fituation at this feafon (Auguil ifl), for 

 the bottom is a hard fand, and large coral rocks ; and the 

 anchor having no hold in the fand, is in perpetual danger of 

 being cut to pieces by the coral ; to prevent vrhich as much 

 as poffible, I rounded the cables, and buoyed them up 

 with empty water-call'Cs. Another precaution alfo was taught 

 me by experience, for at firfl. I moored, but finding the 

 cables much damaged, I refolved to be fingle for the future, 

 :hat by veering away, or heaving in, as we fhould tiave 

 more or lefs wind, we might always keep them from being 

 Qack, and confequently from rubbing, and this expedient 

 fucceeded to my wifh. At the full and change of the 

 moon, a prodigious fwell tumbles in here, fo that I never 

 faw fhips at anchor roll fo much as our's did while we lay 

 here ; and it once drove in from the weft ward with fuch fio- 

 leiice, and broke fo high upon the reef, that I was obliged to 

 put to fea for a week ; for if our cable had parted in the night, 

 and the wind had been upon the fliore, which fometimes 

 happens for two or three days together, the fliip muft inevit- 

 ably have been loft upon the rocks. I foon found that the 

 (land produced limes, four oranges, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, 

 guavas, and paupaus in abundance ; but we found no water- 

 melons, fcurvy-grafs, or forrcl. Notwithftanding the fatigue 

 and diftrefs that we had endured, and the various climates 

 we had paifed through, neither of the fhips had yet loft a 

 fingle man fince their failing from England, but while we 

 lay here two died of fevers, a difeafe with which many were 

 feized, though we all recovered very faft from the fcurvy. 

 I am indeed of opinion that this is one of the moft unhealthy 

 fpots in the world, at leaft during the feafon in which we 

 were here. The rains were violent, and almoft inceffant ; 

 and the heat fo great as to endanger fuffocation : befides 

 the inconvenience which w-e fufFered from the weather, we 

 were inceffantly tormented by the flies in the day, and by 

 the mufquitos in the night. The ifland alfo fwarms with 

 centipedes and fcorpions, and a large black ant, fcarcely 

 inferior to either in the malignity of its bite. Befides thefe, 

 here were venomous infefts without numbers, altogether 

 unknown to us, by which many of us fuffered fo feverely, 

 that we were afraid to lie down in our beds : nor were 

 thofe on board in a much better fituation than thofe on 

 fhore, for great numbers of thefe creatures being carried 

 into the fliip with the wood, they took poffeflion of every 

 birth, and left the poor feamen no place of reft either 

 below or upon the deck. Our principal refource for 

 frefti meat was the wild hog, with which the ifland 

 abounds. Thefe creatures are very fierce, and fome of 

 them fo large, that a carcafe frequently weighed 200 

 pounds. Mr. Gore, one of our mates, at laft difcovered 

 a pleafant fpot on the north-weft part of the ifland, where 

 cattle were in great plenty, and whence they might be 

 brought to the tents by fea. We were now upon the whole 



pretty well fupplied with provifions, efpecially as we baked 

 frefli bread every day for the fick ; and the fatigue of our 

 people being lefs, there were fewer ill with the fever j but 

 feveral of them were fo difordered by eating a very fins- 

 looking fifli which we caught iiere, that their recovery was 

 for a long time doubtful." The author of lord Anfon's 

 voyage fays, that the people on board the Centurion 

 thought it prudent to abflain from fifli, as the few which 

 they caught at their firft arrival furfeited thofe who eat of 

 them. Befides the fruit tliat has been mentioned already, 

 this ifland produces cotton and indigo in abundance, and 

 would certainly be of great value if it were fituated in the 

 Weft Indies. The furgeon of the Tamar enclofed a large 

 fpot of ground here, and made a very pretty garden, but 

 he did not ilay long enough to derive any advantage from 

 it. Captain WaUis touched upon this ifland in 1767 ; and 

 obtained beef, pork, poultry, papaw apples, bread-fruit, 

 limes, oranges, and every refrefliment mentioned in the 

 account of lord Anfon's voyage. The fick began to re- 

 cover as foon as they went on fliore ; but fleflj meat would 

 not keep fweet for fcarcely one day. N. lat. 14° 55'. W. 

 long. 214° 7'. 



TINICUM, a township of Pennfylvania, ia the county 

 of Bucks, containing 1017 inhabitants; 20 miles N. of 

 Philadelphia — Alfo, a townfliip of Pennfylvania, in the 

 county of Delaware, containing 249 inhabitants. 



TINIETZ, a town of Auftrian Poland ; 4 miles W. of 

 Cracow. 



TINIMA, a town of the ifland of Cuba ; 22 miles 

 W.N.W. of Bayamo. 



TINING, in Agriculture. See TiNE. See alfo Til- 

 lage. 



TININGBURG, in Geography, a town of Hungary ; 

 16 miles N. of Preftjurg. 



TINISSI, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Konigin- 

 gratz ; 10 miles S.E. of Konigingratz. 



TINIT, a town of Africa, in Zanhaga, on the coaft ; 

 25 miles S.S.E. of Cape Mirik. 



TINJULEEN, a town of Africa, in the country of 

 Darah ; 105 miles S.E. of Morocco. N. lat. 29° 30'. 

 W. long. 5° 30'. 



TINKER'S Island, one of the Ehzabeth's Iflands, 

 near the coaft of America. 



TINKLING or Tingling of the Ear. See Tin- 

 nitus. 



TINMOUTH, in Geography, a poft-town of the ftate 

 of Vermont, in the county of Rutland, cohtaining lOOI 

 inhabitants ; 8 miles S. of Rutland. — Alfo, a town of 

 Nova Scotia, on the eaft coaft, formerly called PiBou. 



TINNA, or Tina, in yincient Geography, a river of the 

 ifle of Albion, between the gulfs Taua and Boderia, ac- 

 cording to Ptolemy, fuppofed to be the river Eden, in Fife. 

 — Alfo, a fmall river of Italy, in Picenum. 



TINNE', in Geography, a town of Africa, in Mafina, on 

 the north fide of the Niger ; 130 miles W.S.W. of Tom- 

 buftoo. 



TINNING, the covering or lining any thing with melted 

 tin, or with tin reduced to a very thin leaf. 



Looking-glafles are fohated or tinned with thin leaves of 

 beaten tin, applied and faflened to them by means of quick- 

 filver. See Looking-glass. 



Kitchen utenfils are tinned with melted tin ; and locks, 

 bitts, fpurs, &c. with leaf-tin, by the help of fire. 



For the method of tinning iron-plates, fee Lattin and 

 TiN-P/ates. 



Copper and brafs are covered over with tin by the help of 



fal atnmoniac, the acid of which cleans the furface of the 



4X2 metals 



