T I N 



fciuldings : it lays four eggs, which arc wliite, variegated 

 wi'th a number of red fpots ; its food is iield-mice, fmall 

 birds, and infeCls. 



This is tile hawk which we fo frequently obferve in the 

 air fixed in one place, and as it were fanning with its wings, 

 at which time it is watching for its prey. It flings up the 

 indigefted fur and feathers in form of a round ball. Ray 

 and Pennant. 



TINO, in Geography, a fmall ifland near the coaft of 

 Genoa, at the entrance of the \r\x\i of Spezza ; 8 miles S. 

 of Spezza. N. lat. 44° 3'. E. long. 9° 40'. See Tineto. 



TiNO. Sec Tenos. 



The form of this idand is oval, about 60 miles in circum- 

 ference. It is mountainous, but its rich plains are decked 

 by the opulence of induftry. Its fruits are excellent and its 

 wine good ; but the moft abundant of its productions is 

 filk, which is manufaftured by the females, who are highly 

 commended for the beauty of their perfons and the elegance 

 of their drefs. The inhabitants are aftive and induilrious, 

 moft of whom are of the Greek church, though it is the 

 fee of a Roman Catholic bifhop. It is reckoned one of the 

 moft agreeable iflands of Greece, but has no good harbour. 

 The fmall town of San Nicolo is built on the ruins of the 

 ancient Tenos. Its capital bears the name of the ifland. 

 ^f. lat. 37°36'. E. long. 25° 7'. 



TINPHADUM, or TiMPHADUM, in ^Indent Geography, 

 a place of Africa, in Numidia, upon the route from The- 

 Vefte to Sltiiis, between Thevefte and Vegefela. Ant. Itin. 



TINSEDA, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the 

 counlry of Darah. N. lat. 27° 30'. W. long. 5° 46'. 



TINTA, a town of Peru, in the bifhopric of Cufco, 

 and jurifdiftion of Canas y Canches, fometimes alfo called 

 Tinta ; 60 miles S. of Cufco. 



TINTENIAC, a town of France, in the department of 

 the lUe and Vilaine ; 9 miles S.S.E. of Dinan. 



TINTINNABULUM, among the ^indents. See Bell. 



TINTO, in Geography, a river of Spain, in the province 

 of Seville, which owes its name to its waters being tinged of 

 a yellow colour. It is alfo of a petrifying quality ; and it 

 is laid that it dcftroys all verdure, and that no fifh can live 

 in it. Its nature, however, is changed by the confluence 

 of other rivulets ; for when it patles by Niebla, it is not dif- 

 ferent from other rivers : and it falls into the Atlantic, fix 

 leagues lower down, at the town of Huelva, where it is two 

 leagues broad, and admits the paflTage of large velfels as 

 high as San Juan del Puerto, three leagues above Huelva. 



TINTON, a town of the ftatc of Nev? Jerfey, near the 

 fea ; 12 miles E. of Freehold, in the county of Monmouth. 



TINTOQUE, a town of Mexico, in the province of 

 Xalifco ; 45 miles S.vS.W. of Compoftella. 



TINTORETTO, II, in Biography, the cognomen of 

 ) celebrated Venetian painter, whofe real name was Giacopo 

 Robufti. He was born at Venice in 1512, the fon of a 

 dyer ; from whence he acquired the name of II Tintoretto. 

 His natural difpofition towards the art of drawing manifefted 

 itfelf very early, and his father had the wifdom to indulge 

 it ; and feeing it likely to lead to fomething decilive, caufed 

 him to be inftrufted in painting, and finally placed him as a 

 pupil with Titian, then in the prime enjoyment of his re- 

 putation and power. It is a painful thing to relate, and a 

 fevere leffon to the pride of the moft able, that where fo 

 much ability, fo much honour and wealth abode, the mean 

 and degrading palfion of jealoufy fliould have found en- 

 couragement. Titian, the great, the honoured Titian, that 

 man who poffefTed a mind capable of grafping almoft all the 

 art of painting required, who was richly and highly ho- 

 ioij/cd, courted, and employed, is faid (and the truth of 



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the flory rcfts upon too found authority) to have fcen with 

 the corroding pangs of jealoufy the early effays of his pupil 

 Tnitorefto, and to liavc permitted it to operate fo ftrongly 

 upon him, t'hat he excluded the dreaded objeft from his 

 houfe, about ten days after his admiifion. 



But the afpiring talents of the young painter were not to 

 be damped by fo mean a meafure, though even in the 

 powerful hands of Titian. To him difmiffion from the eye 

 of a mafler was emancipation. He dared to think ft)r liim- 

 felf, and boldly aimed at fcleftion in art, and an union un- 



thought of till then ; and as Lanzi fays, generoufly afpired 

 at the honour of being the founder of a Ichool and flyle of 

 his own, by combining the form of the great Florentine, 

 M. Angelo, with the colour of his former mailer. To 

 maintain a due excitation to the performance of fo bold an 

 undertaking, he wrote upon the wall of his ftudy, " II di- 

 fegno di Michel Angelo e il colorito di Tiziano ;" and with 

 all the ardour of an intrepid mind, endeavoured to perfeA 

 the tafl< he had alTigned himfelf, by copying whatever pic- 

 tures of Titian he could procure during the day, and draw- 

 ing by night from calls taken from the works of M. Angelo, 

 together with many others he procured from ancient baftb- 

 relievos and ftatucs. It is doubtlefs to his ftudies by night 

 and the lamp, that he acquired that perfeft mattery of chiaro- 

 fcuro, tliofe decided maftes of light and fliade, which dif- 

 tinguifh his works, both in their groups and fingle figures. 

 Add to thefe labours, that he modelled in wax and clay, 

 and clothed his figures ftudioufly, arranging them in dif- 

 ferent lights, and iometimes hanging them from the ceiling, 

 to acquire, by drawing from them in that pofition, the 

 knowledge of the fotlo in fu, then much in ufe for the 

 adornment of ceilings, and m the houfes of the grandees. 

 By thefe deep ftudies, and a perfeft knowledge of anatomy, 

 he was enabled to exert the exubta'ant and glowing fancy 

 with which nature had blelfed him, in the freeft and boldeft 

 manner ; and had he always applied his powers with equal 

 intenftnefs, with a careful difcrimination of what was due 

 to his own honour, there can be no doubt but that he would 

 have left a name unrivalled in art. This for fome time he 

 attended to, and fome of his beft works lack only charafter 

 and expreffion to place them in the higheft rank. The large 

 pifture which lately adorned the walls of the Louvre, but 

 is now returned to its original ftation, the Scuola di S. 

 Marco at Venice, is a work of this clafs, which he painted 

 when only 36 years old ; and another is the Crucifixion, in 

 the Scuola di S. Rocco. The former is known by the name 

 of 11 Servo, and reprefents the miracle of St. Mark defcend- 

 mg, and breaking the bonds of a flave condemned to death 

 by Turks. Grand but not correft in its ftyle of defign, 

 aftonifliing the mind by the intrepid boldnefs of its colour 

 and execution, it difplays more complete mattery of the 

 xnaterials of art than is to be found in the works of any 

 other painter. If (here be any fault in this aftonilhing per- 

 formance, it is that the fubjeft is loft in the fplendour of 

 the execution, the fpirit in tlie matter in which it is em- 

 bodied. The fame cannot be faid of-the Crucifixion above 

 mentioned, in which the louring deep and ominous tone 

 preferved through the whole, produces the moft perfeft 

 unity, gives ftrength of expreffion to the pifture, and over- 

 whelms the fpeftator with terror. All ieems to be hufhed 

 in filence round the central figure of the Saviour fufpendcd 

 on the crofs, with his fainting mother, and a group of male 

 and female mourners at his feet ; and though many are the 

 improprieties of coitume and of aftion, yet all vanilh in the 

 power which compreffes them to a fingle point, and we do 

 not deteft them till v/e recover from the firft impreffion. 

 Unhappily for his fame, he was not always fo careful iu his 



labours 5 



