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oAaJiedron. The crydals are fmall ; the fiirface i» tranf- 

 verfely llri:iti-J, and lias a femi-metallic luftrc : the internal 

 1 iJlre is alfo fpiciident. The llnithire is foliated. This 

 mineral is more or Icfs femi-tranfparent ; it fcratches glafs, 

 and is brittle. The fprcifie gravity, according to Haiiy, 

 is 3.8571. The colour of oAahidrite is indigo-blue, paffing 

 through many fli.ides to brown. It is infufible by the blow- 

 pipe, but with borax it forms a reddilli-brown coloured 

 glafs. At the extremity of the flame, the brown colour 

 changes to blue, and becomes opaque ; by the continued 

 aAion of the blowpipe, the brown colour reappears, and 

 may be again changed by variation of temperature. This 

 mineral is rare : it occurs in veins with felfpar, axinite, 

 rock-cryrt.il, and chlorite, in the primitive rocks of Dau- 

 phiny, and in drufy cavities in limeftone, at Hadeland, in 

 Norway. 



Sphiiit- and Rul'iL: — Thcfe ores of titanium have been al- 

 ready defcribed. (See Sphexe and RuTiLE.) In addition 

 to thofe articles we may ftate, that common fpheiie has been 

 difcOTCred in fmall cryftals In the fienite of the mountains in 

 Galloway, and on the fouth fide of Loch-Nefs ; in the 

 granite of Bennevis and Aberdeen ; and alfo in other parts 

 of Scotland. Rutile has alfo been difcovered in the granite 

 of Cairngorum, and near to Beddgelert, in Carnarvonlhire. 



TITANOS, a word ufed by fome authors to exprefs 

 lime; by others for the calx of burnt gypfum or plafter of 

 Paris, and by others a lixivium of quicklime. 



TITANS, TiTANES, TiTK.-!, in the Ancient Mythology, 

 the fons of Uranus or Coelus, and Vefta, or Titsa, or Terra, 

 i. e. of Heaven and Earth, according to Hefiod and Apollo- 

 dorus ; or, which comes to the fame thing, of ^thcr and 

 Tellus, according to Hyginus. They are faid to have 

 derived their name from their mother, and hence the moft 

 ancient fabulous hiftories have made them pafs for fons of 

 the Earth. ApoUodorus reckons fix Titans ; Oceanus, 

 Coelus, Hyperion, Crius, lapetus, and Saturn or Cronus : 

 Hyginus alfo reckons fix, w'z. Briareus, Gyges, Sterope, 

 Atlas, Hyperion, and Cottus ; but he feems to include 

 the hundred-handed giants in the number, which ApoUodorus, 

 and the generality of mythologifts, diftinguifh from the 

 Titans. 



The tradition is, that Coelus, by the fame wife Vefta, 

 had Briareus, Gyges, and Cottus, the hundred-handed 

 giant;, and had chained them up in Tartarus : Vefta, the 

 earth, their mother, refenting this treatment, raifed the 

 Titans againft their father, her hufband : all, excepting 

 Oceanus, made war upon him and dethroned him, letting up 

 Saturn in his place. 



Saturn, it fecms, proved no more favourable to them 

 than his father ; but continued the giants in their prifon. 

 Upon this, Jupiter revolted againft Saturn ; ferving him as 

 he had done Coelus ; and refcued the three giants ; who 

 afterw^ards proved of great fervice to him in the war which 

 the Titans waged againft him. 



This war lafted ten years : but at length the Titans were 

 vanquiftied ; Jupiter remained in peaceable poffeflion of 

 heaven ; and the Titans were buried under huge mountains 

 thrown on their heads. 



Hyginus gives another origin of the Titans : he derives 

 them from Titan, Saturn's eldeft brother, by Coelus and 

 Vefta; who, though prefumptive heir of heaven, yet finding 

 his father and mother more inclined for Saturn than for him, 

 furrendered to him his right of fucceflion, on condition he 

 ftiould not bring up any male child, that the empire of heaven 

 might revert to liis own iffue the Titans. 



But Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto, having been afterwards 

 Javed by the artifice of Ops, Titan, and liis fons the Titans, 



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made war on Saturn, who had difpoflefled his father Uranus 

 of the throne, and acquired an extenfive empire, vanquiftif' 

 and imprifoned him ; thus he continued in the power of Ir. 

 enemies, till Jupiter, who had been conveyed by his mothei; 

 Rhea for fafety to the ifle of Crete, being grown up, 

 left Crete, m ide war on the Titans, and delivered his 

 father. 



Having re-eftabliflied him on the throne, he returned to 

 the place of his retreat. Saturn afterwards reigned for fome 

 time in tranquillity ; but upon confulting an oracle, he re- 

 ceived information that he would be cxpofed to danger 

 from the yoangeft of his fons. Accordingly he recurred to 

 all poflible means for getting aid of Jupiter. Having fought 

 him in Crete, he was betrayed and conftrained to make a 

 hafty retreat into the Pelopounefus. Thither Jupiter pur- 

 fued him, and obliged him to take fanctuary in Italy, under 

 the protetlion of Janus. 



The Titans, thus difperfed through feveral countries of 

 Greece, being jealous of the power of this new conqueror, 

 as they had been of his father's, levied troops againft Saturn, 

 and gave him battle ; but being defeated, they retired into 

 the interior parts of Spain, whither Saturn followed them. 

 Jupiter fought them out in their retreat, and beat them for 

 the laft time near Tarteffus, and with this battle terminated 

 the vi'ar, which had lafted ten years. Saturn made his efcape 

 into Sicily, and there, as it is faid, died from grief. With 

 this laft viftory, and the death of Saturn, commenced the 

 reign of Jupiter. During the war of the Titans, Atlas 

 feized on thofe provinces of Africa which were remote from - 

 the centre of the empire. Pluto was fettled governor of 

 the weftern parts of the empire of the Titans, of the Gauls, 

 and Spain, which government, after the death of Pluto, was 

 given to Mercury, who is faid to have become the great 

 divinity of the Celta; ; and Jupiter referved to himfelt the 

 whole Eaft, that is, Greece, the Ifles, and that part of 

 Afia whence his anceftors came. For the explication of 

 the fable that reprefents the Titans as thruft down to 

 Tartarus by Saturn, fee Tartarus. 



The moll judicious among our mythologifts, fuch as 

 Gerard VofTius, Marfliam, Bochart, and father Thomaflln, 

 are of opinion that the partition of the world among the fons 

 of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japhet, was the original of the 

 tradition of the fame partition among Jupiter, Neptune, and 

 Pluto; and hence they have been led to form comparifons 

 between the three fabulous princes, and the three fons of the 

 patriarch. Accordingly the learned Pezron contends that the 

 divifion which was made of this vaft empire, came in after- 

 times to be taken for the partition of the world : that Afia 

 remaining in the hands of Jupiter, the moft potent of the 

 three brothers, made him be looked upon as the god of 

 Olympus, a celebrated mountain where he had his refidence, 

 and which was afterwards taken for heaven itfelf : that the 

 fea and iflands which fell to Neptune, occafioncd their givang 

 him the title of god of the fea : and that Spain, the ex- 

 tremity of the then known world, thought to be a very low 

 country in refpeft of Afia, and famous for its excellent 

 mines of gold and filver, falling to Pluto, occafioned him to 

 be taken for the god of the infernal regions. However 

 this be, the empire of the Titans, according to the ancients, 

 was very extenfive. Thefe princes were poffefled of 

 Phrygia, Thrace, a part of Greece, the ifland of Crete, and 

 feveral other provinces, to the inmoft receffes of Spain. To 

 thefe Sanchoniathon feems to join Syria ; and Diodorus adds 

 a part of Africa and the kingdoms of Mauritania. 



F. Pezron, in his Antiquity of the Celts, makes that 

 people to be the fame with the Titans ; and their princes 

 the fame with the giants in Scripture. According to him, 



the 



